Verghese kurien biography pdf

Indian entrepreneur (1921–2012)

Verghese Kurien (26 November 1921 – 9 Sep 2012) was an Indian farm engineer and social entrepreneur. Noteworthy led initiatives that contributed revere the extensive increase in drain production in India termed variety the White Revolution.

Kurien slow in physics from the Routine of Madras in 1940 sit received his masters in cursory engineering from the Michigan Re-establish University in 1947. In 1949, Kurien was sent by honesty Government of India to brisk pace its experimental creamery at Anand, where he set up distinction Kaira District Cooperative Milk Producers' Union in 1950 which following became Amul.

Amul organised rendering dairy farmers in the villages as a part of cooperatives and linked them to character milk consumers directly.

In 1965, Kurien was appointed as dignity head of the newly erudite National Dairy Development Board (NDDB), which helped to set wedge similar cooperatives across India have a word with made dairy farming one uphold the largest self-sustaining industries keep from employment generators in rural areas.

The dairy cooperatives were design in increasing the milk making as the dairy farmers pressurized the procurement, processing, and selling of milk and milk byproducts as the owners of influence cooperative. This led to spick multi-fold increase in milk shop over the next few decades and helped India become high-mindedness world's largest milk producer misrepresent 1998.

The co-operative model was later applied to other countrified industries such as the work hard of edible oils and replicated in other countries.

For her highness contributions in increasing the farm output, Kurien is known gorilla the "Father of the Pale Revolution" in India. He was awarded the Ramon Magsaysay Furnish in 1964 and the False Food Prize in 1989.

Lecture in 1999, he received the Padma Vibhushan, India's second highest noncombatant honour. He was conferred magnanimity Order of Agricultural Merit bypass the French Government in 1997.

Early life and education

Kurien was born on 26 November 1921 in Calicut, Madras Presidency, Country India (now Kozhikode, Kerala, India) in a MalayaliSyrian Christian family.^[1] His father was a rule civil surgeon and Kurien upfront his schooling at Diamond Gala Higher Secondary School at Gobichettipalayam, where his father worked daring act the government hospital there.^[2][3] Smartness graduated in physics from Theologian College in 1940 and orthodox a bachelor's degree in machine-made engineering from the College chief Engineering, Guindy affiliated to blue blood the gentry University of Madras in 1943.^[2][4]

Kurien wanted to join the Amerindic army as an engineer nevertheless instead he worked with Tata Steel Technical Institute in Jamshedpur.^[5][6] Kurien applied for a lore bursary provided by the Government earthly India to study metallurgical device but instead received a education to study dairy engineering.

Significant was sent to train watch the Imperial Institute of Creature Husbandry in Bangalore before sheet sent to the United States on a government scholarship.^[8] Take action graduated with a master's distinction in mechanical engineering from influence Michigan State University in 1948.^[9][10][11] Kurien had stated that although he was sent on a-okay government scholarship to study farm engineering, he studied metallurgical extremity nuclear engineering, disciplines which were likely to be of long way greater use to the soon-to-be independent India and to person.

^[12][13]

Career

Early years

In 1949, Kurien was sent by the government disbursement India to its experimental creamery at Anand in Bombay zone (currently in Gujarat).^[2][8] He bushed the evenings helping Tribhuvandas Patel with fixing the dairy stow used for processing the drain procured from the local farmers.^[15] Earlier in 1946, Patel difficult to understand set up a cooperative power Kaira.

It was formed importation a response to the striking while the iron of small dairy farmers stop traders and agents, who ready to go arbitrary milk prices on gain of Polson, which had image effective monopoly in milk collecting from Kaira.^[16] Kurien wanted interrupt quit the government job leading leave Anand but was sure by Patel to stay plonk him and help with diadem dairy cooperative.^[17]

Developing Amul

Kurien developed high-mindedness Kaira District Cooperative Milk Producers' Union Limited (KDCMPUL) further which later became Amul.^[19] Milk group was decentralised and was evasively procured from the farmers combination villages as a part admonishment the cooperatives.^[2][20][21] Kurien and Tribhuvandas Patel were supported by Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel and Morarji Desai to help organise the farm farmers.^[22] Kurien worked on magnanimity belief that economic self-interest give an account of all sections of the village-society would make them align bring together to grow their cooperative discipline remove caste or class conflicts.^[23] The cooperative dairying venture was expanded to the nearby districts and was involved in nobility training of dairy students.^[24] Disrespect 1952, the daily milk purchase reached 20,000 litres from straighten up mere 200 litres per passable in 1948.^[27]

In 1956, Kurien visited Nestle in Switzerland at their invitation but with special orders from then commerce and industries minister.

Nestle was importing wring powder, sugar and other reserves required to produce condensed impose on in India. Kurien asked Nuzzle to reduce the imports ploy India, to try manufacturing aphoristic milk with buffalo milk transmitted copied locally and to engage advanced Indians in the production enter. He was met with unblended refusal stating that the citizenry would not be able expect handle the technology involved dense the condensed milk production.^[28][29] Go on returning, he increased the making of condensed milk at Amul, the import of which was banned by Government of Bharat two years later.^[30]H.

M. Dalaya, who studied dairy engineering refined Kurien at the US, was persuaded by Kurien to sort out with him at Anand.^[31][32] Proscribed helped develop an indigenous enter of making skimmed milk disappear and condensed milk from puzzle milk, which had a improved proportion of milk solids vital increased its economic value.^[33] Deception India, buffalo milk was lavish while cow milk was slot in short supply.^[34] With the struggle of condensed milk and youngster food from Buffalo milk, Amul competed successfully against Nestle cope with Glaxo.^[35][36]

Then Commerce ministerT T Krishnamachari also cut imports of nosegay in steps with Kurien positive and delivering an incremental strengthen of his production to stand-in imported butter, especially from Spanking Zealand.^[37] During the Sino-Indian Contention in 1962, production had assign be diverted to the Soldier armed forces which led Polson to gain market share.

Kurien lobbied with the government come to get freeze Polson's production lines, variety part of the war effort.^[38][27] Later research by G. Whirl. Wilster led to cheese handiwork from buffalo milk at Amul.^[39]

Nationwide expansion

When then Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri visited Anand cheer inaugurate Amul's cattle feed sufficient in October 1964, he interacted with the dairy farmers have a view of their cooperative.

In 1965, Shastri tasked Kurien to replicate rectitude dairy's Anand scheme nationwide, carry out which the National Dairy Circumstance Board (NDDB) was founded.^[41][27] Overtake was established as a ballet company based at Anand and was led by Kurien.^[42][43]

Kurien negotiated look after FAO and UNICEF of influence United Nations, and the Terra Bank for aid to dilate the cooperatives as a lay at somebody's door of "Operation Flood".^[44][45] In class first phase between 1970 queue 1979, he focused on alternative the 18 best milk sheds across the country, setting extra dairy cooperatives and linking them with nearby major cities, within spitting distance capture the market there.^[45] Grandeur Anand model was replicated examination Gujarat and Kurien brought categorize of them under the Province Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation (GCMMF) to sell their products secondary to a single Amul brand make-up the 25th anniversary of establishment.^[46] In the second phase 'tween 1979 and 1985, the system was extended to cover auxiliary than 290 towns.^[45] In 1979, he established the Institute give a rough idea Rural Management at Anand appearance training the managers involved coop up the milk cooperatives.

By 1985, there were about 4.25 cardinal milk producers attached to 43,000 village cooperatives and milk crush production scaled up more stun six times.^[45]

Consolidation and self-sufficiency

In depiction last phase of the Going Flood between 1985 and 1996, Kurien focused on making prestige cooperatives independent and self-sustaining.

Everyday involved scaling up infrastructure oppose increase procurement and production, disposition dairy processing facilities, focus forgery marketing and training management professionals.^[45] In the 1990s, he lobbied and fought hard to deduct multinational companies from entering position dairy business even as goodness country opened up due clobber liberalisation in 1991.^[48] India became the world's largest milk grower by 1998, surpassing the Affiliated States and contributed to gasp 17 percent of global plant in 2010–11.^[49]

In 1998, he positive then Prime Minister Atal Sanskrit Vajpayee to appoint Amrita Patel as his successor at NDDB, whom he had groomed go down him to protect NDDB's selfrule from the government.^[50] Later, bankruptcy had differences with her grip the policies of Amul.

At long last she was focused on contracts and yield targets with value functions such as marketing reasonable over to private, Kurien change that the arrangement would mitigate the cooperative institutions of magnanimity country.^[51] He resigned from influence position of chairman of GCMMF in 2006 after limited found from the governing board.^[52][53]

Other work

Kurien replicated the cooperative model control other agricultural industries like honesty production of fruits and manufacture, oil seeds and edible oil.^[54][55][56] In 1979, he started primacy Oilseeds Growers’ Cooperative Project (OGCP) under "Operation Golden Flow".

Joke the 1980s, more than 500,000 farmers were part of justness cooperatives and "Dhara", a manufacturer of edible oil launched vulgar NDDB in 1988, became rank country's top selling brand. In vogue the 1990s, the project began to lose steam as significance government allowed the import exhaust edible oil from other countries.^[57][58]

In 1979, then Premier of Council UnionAlexei Kosygin visited Anand trip invited Kurien to the Country Union.^[59] In 1982, Kurien visited Pakistan as a part discover a World Bank mission people the request of the Control of Pakistan for aid assume setting up dairy cooperatives.^[60] Kurien registered interest from other countries like Sri Lanka and Land, who wanted him to flex the cooperative model in their countries.^[60][61]China planned a similar county show based on the same.^[62][63] Lighten up also served as the chief of Tribhuvandas Foundation, a Organization which worked on women existing child health in Kheda district.^[64]

Death

Kurien died from an illness classify the age of 90 informer 9 September 2012 at Nadiad near Anand.^[65][66][67] He had a-ok wife Molly and a lass, Nirmala.^[9] Kurien was brought zipper as a Christian before seemly an atheist.^[68][69]

Awards and honours

For government contributions in increasing the farm output, Kurian is known whereas the "Father of the Ivory Revolution" in India.^[70][71] Kurien's feast, 26 November is celebrated on account of the "National Milk Day" plentiful India.^[72][73]

Kurien was bestowed with idea honorary degree by the Lake State University in 1965.^[81] Midst the World Dairy Expo skull 1993, he was recognized hoot the International Person of probity Year.^[82] Kurien was also awarded the Godfrey Phillips Bravery Furnish for social bravery.^[83]

Kurien either compelled or was on the logs of several public institutions concentrate on received honorary doctorate degrees come across universities worldwide.^[84][2] The cooperative stake pioneered by Kurien is bogus in academia with lectures incorrect the same.^[85][86]

Books and publications

In general culture

Filmmaker Shyam Benegal wanted defy make Manthan, a film tall story based on Amul but difficult no financial backing.

The fade away was later made from budgetary contribution from member-farmers of co-operatives, who contributed two rupees each one and was released in 1976.^[87] A veterinarian, a milk handler, and a fodder specialist toured the country along with rendering screening of the film secure persuade farmers to form cooperatives of their own with Merged Nations using the movie suck up to encourage similar cooperatives in Traditional America and Africa.^[88][89]

Kurien's supported influence "Amul girl" advertisement campaign which is one of the greatest running campaigns in India challenging Surabhi, a television series ensue Indian culture.^[90][91][92]

In 2013, Amar Chitra Katha published the comicVerghese Kurien: The man with the army litre idea.^[93][94]

References