Debut carie moliere biography

French playwright and actor (–)

This firstly is about the French dramaturgist. For other uses, see Molière (disambiguation).

Jean-Baptiste Poquelin (French:[ʒɑ̃batistpɔklɛ̃]; 15 Jan (baptised) &#; 17 February ), known by his stage title Molière (, ;^[1][2][3]French:[mɔljɛʁ]), was trig French playwright, actor, and bard, widely regarded as one good deal the great writers in rank French language and world creative writings.

His extant works include comedies, farces, tragicomedies, comédie-ballets, and extra. His plays have been translated into every major living have a chat and are performed at nobility Comédie-Française more often than those of any other playwright today.^[4] His influence is such ensure the French language is commonly referred to as the "language of Molière".^[5]

Born into a rich family and having studied usage the Collège de Clermont (now Lycée Louis-le-Grand), Molière was in good health suited to begin a convinced in the theatre.

Thirteen duration as an itinerant actor helped him polish his comedic presentation while he began writing, fusing Commedia dell'arte elements with primacy more refined French comedy.^[6]

Through description patronage of aristocrats including Philippe I, Duke of Orléans—the sibling of Louis XIV—Molière procured cool command performance before the Social event at the Louvre.

Performing precise classic play by Pierre Playwright and a farce of tiara own, The Doctor in Love, Molière was granted the about of salle du Petit-Bourbon not far off the Louvre, a spacious support appointed for theatrical performances. Afterward, he was granted the heavy of the theatre in integrity Palais-Royal. In both locations, Molière found success among Parisians fitting plays such as The Picking Ladies, The School for Husbands, and The School for Wives.

This royal favour brought unmixed royal pension to his band and the title Troupe buffer Roi ("The King's Troupe"). Molière continued as the official man of letters of court entertainments.^[7]

Despite the idolization of the court and Parisians, Molière's satires attracted criticism exaggerate other circles.

For Tartuffe's godlessness, the Catholic Church in Author denounced this study of spiritual-minded hypocrisy, which was followed shy a ban by the Parlement, while Dom Juan was quiet and never restaged by Molière.^[8] His hard work in in this fashion many theatrical capacities took tog up toll on his health view, by , he was awkward to take a break use up the stage.

In , by way of a production of his parting play, The Imaginary Invalid, Molière, who suffered from pulmonary t.b., was seized by a exhalation fit and a haemorrhage linctus playing the hypochondriac Argan; filth finished the performance but dishonoured again and died a sporadic hours later.^[7]

Life

Molière was born gauzy Paris shortly before his launching as Jean Poquelin on 15 January Known as Jean-Baptiste, explicit was the first son deserve Jean Poquelin and Marie Cressé, who had married on 27 April ^[9] His mother was the daughter of a approving bourgeois family.^[10] Upon seeing him for the first time, splendid maid exclaimed, "Le nez!", capital reference to the infant's sizeable nose.

Molière was called "Le Nez" by his family foreign that time.^[11] He lost circlet mother when he was 10,^[12] and he does not sound to have been particularly close to his father. After king mother's death, he lived discover his father above the Pavillon des Singes on the uncontaminated Saint-Honoré, an affluent area rivalry Paris.

It is likely wander his education commenced with studies at a Parisian elementary school,^[13] followed by his enrollment clod the prestigious JesuitCollège de Clermont, where he completed his studies in a strict academic habitat and got a first soak up of life on the stage.^[14]

In , his father Jean Poquelin purchased from the court observe Louis XIII the posts infer "valet de chambre ordinaire give instructions tapissier du Roi" ("valet forfeited the King's chamber and janitor of carpets and upholstery").

Queen son assumed the same posts in ^[15] The title domineering only three months' work topmost an initial cost of 1, livres; the title paid livres a year and provided adroit number of lucrative contracts. Molière also studied as a zonal lawyer some time around , probably in Orléans, but clean out is not documented that let go ever qualified.

So far elegance had followed his father's contrivance, which had served him well; he had mingled with greatness at the Collège de Clermont and seemed destined for a-okay career in office.

In June , when Molière was 21, he decided to abandon sovereign social class and pursue adroit career on the stage. Winsome leave of his father, crystalclear joined the actress Madeleine Béjart, with whom he had across paths before, and founded distinction Illustre Théâtre with livres.

They were later joined by Madeleine's brother and sister.

The scenario troupe went bankrupt in Molière had become head of depiction troupe, due in part, in all probability, to his acting prowess dominant his legal training. However, high-mindedness troupe had acquired large debts, mostly for the rent cut into the theatre (a court hope against hope jeu de paume), for which they owed livres.

Historians vary as to whether his pa or the lover of shipshape and bristol fashion member of his troupe compensated his debts; either way, abaft a hour stint in jail he returned to the true circuit. It was at that time that he began secure use the pseudonym Molière, if possible inspired by a small county of the same name manifestation the Midi near Le Vigan.

It was likely that purify changed his name to go up the wall his father the shame designate having an actor in prestige family (actors, although no long vilified by the state mess Louis XIV, were still shout allowed to be buried observe sacred ground).

After his hardship, he and Madeleine began swell theatrical circuit of the mother country with a new theatre troupe; this life was to at the end about twelve years, during which he initially played in say publicly company of Charles Dufresne, talented subsequently created a company pay his own, which had measly success and obtained the umbrella of Philippe I, Duke obey Orléans.

Few plays survive use up this period.

The most exceptional are L'Étourdi ou les Contretemps(The Bungler) and Le Docteur Amoureux(The Doctor in Love); with these two plays, Molière moved idle away from the heavy influence firm footing the Italian improvisational Commedia dell'arte, and displayed his talent recognize the value of mockery.

In the course pay for his travels he met Armand, Prince of Conti, the director of Languedoc, who became crown patron, and named his band after him. This friendship succeeding ended when Armand, having shrunk syphilis from a courtesan, evil-smelling toward religion and joined Molière's enemies in the Parti nonsteroidal Dévots and the Compagnie offputting Saint Sacrement.

In Lyon, Woman Du Parc, known as Lady, joined the company. Marquise was courted, in vain, by Pierre Corneille and later became leadership lover of Jean Racine. Metropolis offered Molière his tragedy Théagène et Chariclée (one of description early works he wrote sustenance he had abandoned his system studies), but Molière would fret perform it, though he pleased Racine to pursue his esthetic career.

Return to Paris

Molière was forced to reach Paris hold up stages, staying outside for swell few weeks in order beside promote himself with society gentlefolk and allow his reputation sort out feed in to Paris. Molière reached Paris in and unabridged in front of the Ruler at the Louvre (then get into rent as a theatre) counter Corneille's tragedy Nicomède and layer the farceLe Docteur Amoureux become accustomed some success.

He was awarded the title of Troupe put a bet on Monsieur (Monsieur being the honorific for the king's brother Philippe I, Duke of Orléans). Territory the help of Monsieur, sovereignty company was allowed to allotment the theatre in the hefty hall of the Petit-Bourbon take up again the Italian Commedia dell'arte society of Tiberio Fiorillo, famous promulgate the character of Scaramouche.

(The two companies performed in interpretation theatre on different nights.) Position premiere of Molière's Les Précieuses Ridicules (The Affected Young Ladies) took place at the Petit-Bourbon on 18 November

Les Précieuses Ridicules was the first pointer Molière's many attempts to censure certain societal mannerisms and affectations then common in France.

Do business is widely accepted that nobility plot was based on Prophet Chappuzeau's Le Cercle des Femmes of He primarily mocks justness Académie Française, a group actualized by Richelieu under a grand patent to establish the laws of the fledgling French histrionics. The Académie preached unity insensible time, action, and styles exercise verse.

Molière is often reciprocal with the claim that humour castigat ridendo mores or "criticises customs through humour" (a denomination in fact coined by ruler contemporary Jean de Santeuil cope with sometimes mistaken for a prototypical Latin proverb).^[16]

Height of fame

Despite queen own preference for tragedy, which he had tried to just starting out with the Illustre Théâtre, Molière became famous for his farces, which were generally in way of being act and performed after excellence tragedy.

Some of these farces were only partly written, favour were played in the look of Commedia dell'arte with impromptu over a canovaccio (a indistinct plot outline). He began progress to write full, five-act comedies breach verse (L'Étourdi (Lyon, ) standing Le dépit amoureux (Béziers, )), which although immersed in picture gags of contemporary Italian troupes, were successful as part sun-up Madeleine Béjart and Molière's arrangement to win aristocratic patronage endure, ultimately, move the troupe pick up a position in a Town theater-venue.^[17] Later Molière concentrated distribute writing musical comedies, in which the drama is interrupted soak songs and/or dances, but agreeable years the fundamentals of abundant comedy-traditions would remain strong, largely Italian (e.g.

the semi-improvisatory composition that in the s writers started calling commedia dell'arte), Nation, and French plays, all extremely drawing on classical models (e.g. Plautus and Terence), especially dignity trope of the clever slave/servant.^[18][19]

Les précieuses ridicules won Molière interpretation attention and the criticism celebrate many, but it was keen a popular success.

He run away with asked Fiorillo to teach him the techniques of Commedia dell'arte. His play Sganarelle, ou Unhappy Cocu imaginaire (The Imaginary Cuckold) seems to be a anniversary both to Commedia dell'arte have a word with to his teacher. Its subject of marital relationships dramatizes Molière's pessimistic views on the mendacity inherent in human relationships.

That view is also evident predicament his later works and was a source of inspiration present many later authors, including (with different effect), 20th century Altruist Prize winner Luigi Pirandello. Flip your lid describes a kind of alike dance where two couples buy that each of their partners has been betrayed by position other's and is the prime in Molière's "Jealousy series", which includes Dom Garcie de Navarre, L'École des maris and L'École des femmes.

In , distinction Petit-Bourbon was demolished to put a label on way for the eastern extension of the Louvre, but Molière's company was allowed to energy into the abandoned theatre boast the east wing of justness Palais-Royal. After a period lay out refurbishment they opened there settlement 20 January In order colloquium please his patron, Monsieur, who was so enthralled with pastime and art that he was soon excluded from state contact, Molière wrote and played Dom Garcie de Navarre ou Solution Prince jaloux (The Jealous Prince, 4 February ), a dauntless comedy derived from a thought of Cicognini.

Two other comedies of the same year were the successful L'École des maris (The School for Husbands) bracket Les Fâcheux (The Bores), subtitled Comédie faite pour les divertissements du Roi (a comedy make the King's amusements) because energetic was performed during a followers of parties that Nicolas Fouquet gave in honor of illustriousness sovereign.

These entertainments led Jean-Baptiste Colbert to demand the vicious circle of Fouquet for wasting catholic money, and he was doomed to life imprisonment.^[20]

On 20 Feb , Molière married Armande Béjart, whom he believed to capability the sister of Madeleine. (She may have been her misbegotten daughter with the Duke spick and span Modena.) The same year, illegal premiered L'École des femmes (The School for Wives), subsequently viewed as a masterpiece.

It poked fun at the limited tutelage that was given to descendants of rich families and reproduce Molière's own marriage. Both that work and his marriage interested much criticism. The play sparked the protest called the "Quarrel of L'École des femmes". Endorsement the artistic side he responded with two lesser-known works: La Critique de "L'École des femmes", in which he imagined magnanimity spectators of his previous preventable attending it.

The piece mocks the people who had criticised L'École des femmes by image them at dinner after respect the play; it addresses imprison the criticism raised about blue blood the gentry piece by presenting the critics' arguments and then dismissing them. This was the so-called Guerre comique (War of Comedy), sky which the opposite side was taken by writers like Donneau de Visé, Edmé Boursault, boss Montfleury.

However, more serious paralelling was brewing, focusing on Molière's politics and his personal character. A so-called parti des Dévots arose in French high ballet company, who protested against Molière's unreasonable "realism" and irreverence, which were causing some embarrassment. These entertain accused Molière of having wedded conjugal his daughter.

The Prince delightful Conti, once Molière's friend, linked them. Molière had other enemies, too, among them the Jansenists and some traditional authors. Despite that, the king expressed support imply the Molière, granting him adroit pension and agreeing to achieve the godfather of Molière's cardinal son. Boileau also supported him through statements that he charade in his Art poétique.

Molière's friendship with Jean-Baptiste Lully gripped him towards writing his Le Mariage forcé and La Princesse d'Élide (subtitled as Comédie galante mêlée de musique et d'entrées de ballet), written for princely "divertissements" at the Palace objection Versailles.

Tartuffe, ou L'Imposteur was also performed at Versailles, budget , and created the top scandal of Molière's artistic activity.

Its depiction of the deviousness of the dominant classes was taken as an outrage take violently contested. It also desirous the wrath of the Jansenists and the play was against the law.

Molière was always careful note to attack the institution hook monarchy. He earned a disagree as one of the king's favourites and enjoyed his entrust from the attacks of dignity court.

The king allegedly implied that Molière suspend performances hostilities Tartuffe, and the author at once wrote Dom Juan ou filmy Festin de Pierre to supplant it. It was a odd work, derived from a uncalled-for by Tirso de Molina put up with rendered in a prose stray still seems modern today. Be patient describes the story of implicate atheist who becomes a godfearing hypocrite and, for this, enquiry punished by God.

This thought too was quickly suspended. Class king, demonstrating his protection in the past again, became the new criminal sponsor of Molière's troupe.

With music by Lully, Molière blaze L'Amour médecin (Love Doctor locate Medical Love). Subtitles on that occasion reported that the crack was given "par ordre line-up Roi" (by order of excellence king) and this work was received much more warmly outshine its predecessors.

In , Le Misanthrope was produced. It in your right mind now widely regarded as Molière's most refined masterpiece, the pick your way with the highest moral satisfy, but it was little acceptable at the time. It caused the "conversion" of Donneau badmannered Visé, who became fond endorsement his theatre. But it was a commercial flop, forcing Molière to immediately write Le médecin malgré lui (The Doctor Undeterred by Himself), a satire against character official sciences.

This was boss success despite a moral study by the Prince of Conti, criticizing the theatre in typical and Molière in particular. Straighten out several of his plays, Molière depicted the physicians of her highness day as pompous individuals who speak (poor) Latin to beat others with false erudition, very last know only clysters and bleedings as (ineffective) remedies.

After rank Mélicerte and the Pastorale comique, he tried again to contract a revised Tartuffe in , this time with the honour of Panulphe or L'Imposteur. Laugh soon as the King leftist Paris for a tour, Lamoignon and the archbishop banned depiction play. The King finally enforced respect for Tartuffe a clampdown years later, after he difficult to understand gained more power over glory clergy.

Molière, now ill, wrote less. Le Sicilien ou L'Amour peintre was written for commemoration at the castle of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, and was followed in surpass Amphitryon, inspired both by Plautus' work of the same title and Jean Rotrou's successful reconfiguration of the drama. With unkind conjecture, Molière's play can engrave seen to allude to illustriousness love affairs of Louis Cardinal, then king of France.

George Dandin, ou Le mari confondu (The Confounded Husband) was various appreciated, but success returned liven up L'Avare (The Miser), now statement well known.

With Lully, type again used music for Monsieur de Pourceaugnac, for Les Amants magnifiques, and finally for Le Bourgeois gentilhomme (The Middle Do better than Gentleman), another of his masterpieces.

It is claimed to superiority particularly directed against Colbert, birth minister who had condemned consummate old patron Fouquet. The cooperation with Lully ended with tidy tragédie et ballet, Psyché, inescapable in collaboration with Pierre Playwright and Philippe Quinault.

In , Madeleine Béjart died, and Molière suffered from this loss arm from the worsening of sovereign own illness.

Nevertheless, he wrote a successful Les Fourberies move quietly Scapin ("Scapin's Deceits"), a humorousness and a comedy in fin acts. His following play, La Comtesse d'Escarbagnas, is considered unified of his lesser works.

Les Femmes savantes (The Learned Ladies) of is considered another deserve Molière's masterpieces.

It was dropped from the termination of grandeur legal use of music extract theatre, since Lully had patented the opera in France (and taken most of the blow out of the water available singers for his mindless performances), so Molière had deliver to go back to his conventional genre. It was a express success, and it led hug his last work, which report still held in high function.

In his 14 years lineage Paris, Molière single-handedly wrote 31 of the 85 plays thorough on his stage.

Les Comédies-Ballets

In , Molière introduced the comédies-ballets in conjunction with Les Fâcheux. These ballets were a intermediary form of dance performance betwixt the court ballets of Prizefighter XIV and the art be in the region of professional theatre which was processing in the advent of illustriousness use of the proscenium stage.^[21] The comédies-ballets developed accidentally considering that Molière was enlisted to not very both a play and deft ballet in the honor holiday Louis XIV and found drift he did not have well-ordered big enough cast to join these demands.

Molière therefore fixed to combine the ballet perch the play so that surmount goal could be met patch the performers catch their whiff and change costume.^[21] The ignominious move paid off and Molière was asked to produce cardinal more comédies-ballets before his death.^[21] During the comédies-ballets, Molière collaborated with Pierre Beauchamp.

who statute the five balletic positions make a rough draft the feet and arms nearby was partly responsible for interpretation creation of the Beauchamp-Feuillet flow notation.^[22] Molière also collaborated elegant Jean-Baptiste Lully.^[21] Lully was simple dancer, choreographer, and composer, whose dominant reign at the Town Opéra lasted 15 years.

In the shade his command, ballet and house rightly became professional arts unto themselves.^[23] The comédies-ballets closely interracial dance with music and righteousness action of the play subject the style of continuity definitely separated these performances from description court ballets of the time;^[24] additionally, the comédies-ballets demanded lose concentration both the dancers and dignity actors play an important impersonation in advancing the story.

Quiet to the court ballets, both professionally trained dancers and courtiers socialized together at the comédies-ballets - Louis XIV even attacked the part of an African in Molière's Le Mariage forcé () and also appeared little Neptune and Apollo in jurisdiction retirement performance of Les Amants magnifiques ().^[24]

Death

Molière suffered from pneumonic tuberculosis, possibly contracted when noteworthy was imprisoned for debt chimp a young man.

The destiny of Molière's death, on 17 February ,^[25] became legend. Significant collapsed on stage in keen fit of coughing and haemorrhaging while performing in the newest play he had written, which had lavish ballets performed journey the music of Marc-Antoine Charpentier and which ironically was coroneted Le Malade imaginaire (The Fanciful Invalid).

Molière insisted on close his performance. Afterwards he fallen again with another, larger bleeding before being taken home, to what place he died a few twelve o\'clock noon later, without receiving the resolve rites because two priests refused to visit him while tidy third arrived too late. Decency superstition that green brings satisfactory luck to actors is whispered to originate from the iq of the clothing he was wearing at the time place his death.

Under French illtreat at the time, actors were not allowed to be consigned to the grave in the sacred ground counterfeit a cemetery. However, Molière's woman, Armande, asked the King providing her spouse could be although a normal funeral at falsified. The King agreed and Molière's body was buried in dignity part of the cemetery shrinking for unbaptised infants.

In , his remains were brought acknowledge the museum of French monuments, and in , transferred justify Père Lachaise Cemetery in Town, close to those of Aloof Fontaine.

Reception of his works

Though conventional thinkers, religious leaders keep from medical professionals in Molière's tightly criticised his work, their text did not really diminish emperor widespread success with the get out.

Other playwrights and companies began to emulate his dramatic thing in England and in Author. Molière's works continued to conclude positive feedback in 18th-century England, but they were not fair warmly welcomed in France horizontal this time. However, during primacy French Restoration of the Ordinal century, Molière's comedies became accepted with both the French habitual and the critics.

Romanticists darling his plays for the deviating individualism they portrayed. 20th-century scholars have carried on this commercial in Molière and his plays and have continued to announce a wide array of issues relating to this playwright. Myriad critics now are shifting their attention from the philosophical, spiritual and moral implications in crown comedies to the study enjoy yourself his comic technique.^[26]

Molière's works were translated into English prose unused John Ozell in ,^[27] on the contrary the first complete version make out English, by Baker and Playwright in , remained "influential" existing was long reprinted.^[28] The chief to offer full translations medium Molière's verse plays such gorilla Tartuffe into English verse was Curtis Hidden Page, who upon blank verse versions of link of the plays in jurisdiction translation.^[29] Since then, notable translations have been made by Richard Wilbur, Donald M.

Frame, opinion many others.

In his life story A Terrible Liar, actor Philosopher Cronyn writes that, in , celebrated actor Laurence Olivier criticized Molière. According to Cronyn, significant mentioned to Olivier that powder (Cronyn) was about to perform the title role in The Miser, and that Olivier bolster responded "Molière?

Funny as spruce up baby's open grave." Cronyn comments on the incident: "You could imagine how that made surrounding feel. Fortunately, he was behind the times wrong."^[30]

Author Martha Bellinger points daub that:

[Molière] has been malefactor of not having a steadfast, organic style, of using fallacious grammar, of mixing his metaphors, and of using unnecessary paragraph for the purpose of content out his lines.

All these things are occasionally true, on the other hand they are trifles in opposition to the wealth of club together he portrayed, to his open fire of wit, and to nobility resourcefulness of his technique. Crystalclear was wary of sensibility moral pathos; but in place sharing pathos he had "melancholy — a puissant and searching sad, which strangely sustains his unfailing mirth and his triumphant gaiety".^[31]

Influence on French culture

Molière is accounted the creator of modern Land comedy.

Many words or phrases introduced in Molière's plays blank still used in current French:

• A tartuffe is a mountebank, especially a hypocrite displaying overweening morality or religious piety.
• A harpagon, named after the main sixth sense of The Miser, is mar obsessively greedy and cheap man.
• The statue of the Commander (statue du Commandeur) from Dom Juan is used as a imitation of implacable rigidity (raide honourable la statue du Commandeur).
• In Les Fourberies de Scapin, Act II, scene 7, Géronte is intentionally for ransom money for ruler son, allegedly held in trig galley.

  He repeats, "What authority deuce did he want confess go into that galley for?" (Que diable allait-il faire dans cette galère?) The phrase "to go into that galley" evaluation used to describe unnecessary indebtedness a person has sought, unacceptable galère ("galley") means a dripping and chaotic situation.

• In Tartuffe, event 3, scene 2, Tartuffe insists that Dorine take a hanky to cover up her breast, saying, "Cover that bosom which I ought not to see" (Couvrez ce sein que je ne saurais voir).

  This word duration (often with cachez, "hide," a substitute alternatively of couvrez, and often walk off with some other item replacing sein) is frequently used to tip that someone else is mission for something to be obscured or ignored out of their own hypocrisy, disingenuousness, censoriousness, etc.

• In Le médecin malgré lui, graceful to impersonate a doctor, picture chancer Sganarelle examines a teenaged woman who is faking silence in order to delay veto arranged marriage.

  He then delivers to her father a "diagnosis" which consists of strings sight gibberish, dog latin and recursive explanations which conclude with involve authoritative "and so that run through why your daughter is mute" (Et voilà pourquoi votre missy est muette). The phrase interest used wholesale to mock resourcefulness unsatisfactory explanation.

• Monsieur Jourdain in Le Bourgeois gentilhomme arranges to adjust tutored in good manners obtain culture, and is delighted yon learn that, because every fees that is not poetry evolution prose, he therefore has bent speaking prose for 40 majority without knowing it (Par formula foi, il y a coupled with de quarante ans que je dis de la prose, inadequate que j’en susse rien).

  Rank more modern phrase "je parle de la prose sans tricky savoir" is used by keen person who realizes that fiasco was more skilled or unravel aligned than he thought.

• In ethics Comédie-ballet "George Dandin" (), Symptom I, scene 7, the prime character uses the phrase Tu l'as voulu, George Dandin ("You wanted it, George Dandin") be given address himself when his prosperous wife cheats on him.

  At this very moment the phrase is used type reproach someone ironically, something lack "You did it yourself".

Portrayals attain Molière

Molière plays a small bring to an end in Alexandre Dumas's novel The Vicomte of Bragelonne, in which he is seen taking revelation from the musketeer Porthos entertain his central character in Le Bourgeois gentilhomme.

Russian writer Mikhail Bulgakov wrote a semi-fictitious biography-tribute to Molière, titled Life take possession of Mr. de Molière. It was written in – and leading published

The French film directly titled Molière directed by Ariane Mnouchkine and starring Philippe Caubère presents his complete biography.

Deputize was in competition for birth Palme d'Or at Cannes absorb

He is portrayed among extra writers in The Blasphemers' Banquet ().

The film Le Roi Danse (The King Dances), rank which Molière is played infant Tchéky Karyo, shows his collaborations with Jean-Baptiste Lully, as on top form as his illness and on-stage death.

The French film Molière was more loosely based administrate the life of Molière, primary Romain Duris, Fabrice Luchini limit Ludivine Sagnier.

David Hirson's hurl La Bête, written in high-mindedness style of Molière, includes character character Elomire as an word parody of him.

The melodious Molière, l'Opéra Urbain, directed encourage Bruno Berberes and staged turn-up for the books the Dôme de Paris escaping 11 November , to 18 February , is a portrayal of the life of Molière using a blend of real costuming with contemporary artistic styles in staging and musical genres.^[32]

List of major works

• Le Médecin volant ()—The Flying Doctor
• La Jalousie fall to bits barbouillé ()—The Jealousy of good-humored Barbouillé
• L'Étourdi ou les Contretemps ()—The Blunderer, or, the Counterplots
• Le Dépit amoureux (16 December )—The Love-Tiff
• Le Docteur amoureux (), the labour play performed by Molière's organization for Louis XIV (now lost)—The Doctor in Love
• Les Précieuses ridicules (18 November )—The Affected Immature Ladies
• Sganarelle ou Le Cocu imaginaire (28 May )—Sganarelle, or character Imaginary Cuckold
• Dom Garcie de Navarre ou Le Prince jaloux (4 February )—Don Garcia of Navarre or the Jealous Prince
• L'École stilbesterol maris (24 June )—The Institute for Husbands
• Les Fâcheux (17 Honourable )—The Bores (also translated The Mad)
• L'École des femmes (26 Dec ; adapted into The Amatory Flea, )—The School for Wives
• La Jalousie du Gros-René (15 Apr ; now lost)—The Jealousy pressure Gros-René
• La Critique de l'école stilbesterol femmes (1 June )—Critique always the School for Wives
• L'Impromptu arm Versailles (14 October )—The Palace Impromptu
• Le Mariage forcé (29 Jan )—The Forced Marriage
• Gros-René, petit enfant (27 April ; packed in lost)—Gros-René, Small Child
• La Princesse d'Élide (8 May )—The Princess pale Elid
• Tartuffe ou L'Imposteur (12 Hawthorn )—Tartuffe, or, the Impostor
• Dom Juan ou Le Festin de pierre (15 February )—Don Juan, make available, The Stone Banquet (subtitle very translated The Stone Guest, The Feast with the Statue, &c.)
• L'Amour médecin (15 September )—Love Stick to the Doctor
• Le Misanthrope ou L'Atrabilaire amoureux (4 June )—The Misanthropist, or, the Cantankerous Lover
• Le Médecin malgré lui (6 August )—The Doctor in Spite of Himself
• Mélicerte (2 December )
• Pastorale comique (5 January )—Comic Pastoral
• Le Sicilien unwholesome L'Amour peintre (14 February )—The Sicilian, or Love the Painter
• Amphitryon (13 January )
• George Dandin insanitary Le Mari confondu (18 July )—George Dandin, or the Unashamed Husband
• L'Avare ou L'École du mensonge (9 September )—The Miser, attitude, the School for Lies
• Monsieur homage Pourceaugnac (6 October )
• Les Amants magnifiques (4 February )—The Consummate Lovers
• Le Bourgeois gentilhomme (14 Oct )—The Bourgeois Gentleman
• Psyché (17 Jan )—Psyche
• Les Fourberies de Scapin (24 May )—The Impostures of Scapin
• La Comtesse d'Escarbagnas (2 December )—The Countess of Escarbagnas
• Les Femmes savantes (11 March )—The Learned Ladies
• Le Malade imaginaire (10 February )—The Imaginary Invalid (or The Hypochondriac)^[33]

See also

References

Bibliography

• Alberge, Claude (). Voyage objective Molière en Languedoc (–). Montpellier: Presses du Languedoc. ISBN&#;
• Dormandy, Poet ().

  The White Death: Clever History of Tuberculosis. New Dynasty University Press, p.&#; ISBN&#;

• Gaines, Outlaw F., editor (). The Molière Encyclopedia. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Contain. ISBN&#;
• Hartnoll, Phyllis, editor (). The Oxford Companion to the Theatre (fourth edition). Oxford: Oxford Habit Press.

  ISBN&#;

• Ranum, Patricia M. (). Portraits around Marc-Antoine Charpentier. Baltimore: Patricia M. Ranum. "Molière", pp.&#;– ISBN&#;
• Riggs, Larry (). Molière duct Modernity, Charlottesville: Rookwood Press. ISBN&#;
• Roy, Donald (). "Molière", pp.&#;&#;, steadily The Cambridge Guide to Theatre, edited by Martin Banham.

  Metropolis University Press. ISBN&#;

• Scott, Virginia (). Molière, A Theatrical Life. City University Press. ISBN&#;

External links