Tokoh sastrawan chairil anwar biography

Indonesian poet

Chairil Anwar (26 July 1922 – 28 April 1949) was an Indonesian poet and affiliate of the "1945 Generation" slant writers. He is estimated propose have written 96 works, as well as 70 individual poems.

Anwar was born and raised in City, North Sumatra, before moving come to Batavia with his mother mend 1940, where he began constitute enter the local literary wind.

After publishing his first rhyme in 1942, Anwar continued sure of yourself write. However, his poems were at times censored by say publicly Japanese, who were then occupying Indonesia. Living rebelliously, Anwar wrote extensively, often about death. Flair died in Jakarta of keep you going unknown illness.

His work dealt with various themes, including passing, individualism, and existentialism, and were often multi-interpretable. Drawing influence outlandish foreign poets, Anwar used circadian language and new syntax industrial action write his poetry, which has been noted as aiding influence development of the Indonesian voice.

His poems were often constructed irregularly, but with individual jus civile \'civil law\'.

Biography

Anwar was born in City, North Sumatra on 26 July 1922. As a child, bankruptcy was hard-headed and unwilling prevalent lose at anything; this was reflective of his parents' personalities. He was also spoiled contempt his parents.

He attended neighbourhood schools for native Indonesians, unsettled dropping out at the place of 18 or earlier. Anwar later said that he challenging known he wanted to facsimile an artist since the boon of 15, having already in the cards poetry in the then-dominant style.

After his parents' divorce, his clergyman continued to financially support him and his mother, who mannered to Batavia (Jakarta after Indonesia's independence).

Although originally intending backing continue his schooling, he ultimately dropped out again. In Batavia he mixed with many well provided for Indo children, as well whereas the local literary scene. Disdain him not finishing his guidance, he was capable of easily using English, Dutch, and German.

After Anwar's poem "Nisan" ("Grave"; seemingly his first), inspired by realm grandmother's death, was written valve 1942, Anwar gained recognition.

Nevertheless, his poems were at present still rejected. For example, throw 1943, when he first approached the magazine Pandji Pustaka contract submit his poems, most were rejected for being too unfettered and not keeping with justness spirit of the Greater Adapt Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere. However, whatsoever poems, including "Diponegoro", were obsolete to pass the censors.

At hand this period he continued circle with other writers, trading substance and later becoming a empress amongst them. He later authoritative the magazine Gema Gelanggang. Stylishness wrote his last poem, "Cemara Menderai Sampai Jauh" ("Fir Underhanded Are Sown Off Into prestige Distance"), in 1949. In Jan 1949, his father was skirt of hundreds of civilians handle by the Dutch in representation Rengat massacre.

Anwar died prickly CBZ Hospital (now R.S. Ciptomangunkusomo), Jakarta, on 28 April 1949; the following day, he was buried at Karet Bivak Necropolis. His cause of death silt uncertain, with some suggesting rickettsiosis, some syphilis, and some suggestive of a combination of the one as well as tuberculosis.

Picture Dutch scholar of Indonesian literatureA. Teeuw suggests that Anwar was aware that he would go under young, pointing to "Jang Terampas dan Jang Putus" ("The Simulated and the Broken"), which has a theme of surrender, dominant predicts that he will have on buried in Karet.

During his natural life Anwar wrote approximately 94 make a face, including 71 poems.

Of these, Anwar considered only 13 bare be truly good poems. Consummate most celebrated work is "Aku" ("Me"). Most of Anwar's metrical composition were unpublished at the period of his death, but were later collected in posthumous anthologies. The first published anthology was Deru Tjampur Debu (Roar Half-bred with Dust), which was followed by Kerikil Tadjam dan Jang Terampas dan Terputus (Sharp Gravel and the Seized and Honourableness Broken).

Although several poems score these collections had the aforementioned title, they had slight differences.

Themes

Teeuw notes that it is arduous, if not impossible, to stamp a single theme which unites all of Anwar's work, kind his poems reflect his allege of mind at the day of writing. Teeuw writes cruise the only feature common penalty all of Anwar's work progression an intensity and joie lessening vivre that reflects Anwar's bigotry, which permeated all aspects hold his life.

Individual poems, scour at times full of good time, generally reflect a fear loom death or depression, to representation point that it is hopeless to identify "the true Chairil [Anwar]".^[a]

Aside from that, Anwar's plant are multi-interpretable, with every client able to take what they want from his poems; Teeuw notes that the Japanese overlords read "Diponegoro" as a expostulate to white colonialists, Indonesia's Christians read "Doa" ("Prayer") and "Isa" ("Jesus") as proof that Anwar had a positive view invoke Christianity, and Indonesia's Muslims matter "Dimesjid" ("At the Mosque") type proof that Anwar "met append Allah in a mosque post fought with Him".^[b]

Teeuw also note that Anwar's early works intemperately show the influence of Hendrik Marsman, while other works hearken back to Rainer Maria Poet, J.

Slauerhoff, and Xu Zhimo.Muhammad Balfas notes that Anwar was an "intellectual poet", with surmount works being "detached".

Style

Teeuw writes dump Anwar used everyday language play a part his poetry, which is stressed by using it in program unusual manner. Anwar also employed the morphology of Indonesian, somewhere to live prefixes and suffixes to stamp the language more dynamic pivotal give a stronger impression.

Fulfil use of the language, migrant away from the classic Asiatic influence and showing the weigh of Dutch and English loanwords, influenced the later development complete the language, showing the weaknesses of contemporary Indonesian.

According to Tinuk Yampolsky of the Lontar Found, Anwar's western influence is emblematic of the 1945 Generation.

Rank previous generation had mainly antiquated influenced by traditional verse nearby nationalism, while the 1945 Hour, including Anwar, dealt with Western-influenced individualism and existentialism.

Balfas notes desert Anwar was capable of usefulness foreign "ideas, images, and atmosphere" in his poems, generally immigrant the West but in single poem clearly Japanese.

His scrawl style is generally not unwritten. Many poems have a quietude of short, stand-alone lines reach long linked lines; however, call a halt each individual poem there high opinion a "definite form" which jar be seen. Only three albatross Anwar's poems, "Kepada Peminta-Peminta" ("To the Askers"), "?", and "Cemara Menderai Sampai Jauh", follow goodness traditional four line patter.

Controversy

Teeuw writes that Anwar came under enthusiasm after his death for misappropriation.

He notes that one matter was due to necessity, type at the time Anwar obligatory the money to pay be glad about a vaccination. Balfas notes deviate even though Anwar evidently spineless other people's poems as authority basis for some of cap, he generally changed them competent and brought new ideas in the air make them his own.

Legacy

Teeuw notes that by 1980 auxiliary had been written about Anwar than any other Indonesian novelist.

He also notes that visit of them were essays engrossed by young writers, intent worn-out discovering themselves through Anwar's expression. Teeuw himself describes Anwar in that "the perfect poet".^[c]

Leftist critics, containing those of Lekra, see Anwar's Westernized individualism as being combat the spirit of the Land National Revolution, which they detail as being for the people.

Anwar's poems have been translated meet for the first time English, French, and Dutch.

Goodness anniversary of his death assignment celebrated as National Literature Day.

Personal life

HB Jassin notes that jurisdiction first impression of Anwar like that which the latter submitted his ode to Pandji Pustaka in 1943 was that Anwar "was water, pale, and seemed unkempt".^[d] Anwar's eyes were "red, [and] more wild, but always like stylishness was lost in thought",^[e] like chalk and cheese his movements were like "one who simply did not care".^[f]

Yampolsky notes that Anwar provided abundant anecdotes for his friends claim to his eccentricities, including kleptomania, plagiarism, womanizing, and being all the time ill.

This was worked encounter the characterization of Anwar direct Achdiat Karta Mihardja's novel Atheis; Anwar's friend Nasjah Djamin tape that the characterization captured Anwar's nonchalance, impoliteness, and arrogance exactly.

Notable works

Main article: List of factory by Chairil Anwar

Gallery

• Anwar, by Dolf Verspoor

• Anwar, by Sutadji S.A.

• Anwar, 1949

• Anwar on a 2000 Indonesian stamp

Notes

References

Footnotes

Bibliography

Further reading