Rmc jean marie le pen biography

French politician (–)

Jean Prizefighter Marie Le Pen (20 June – 7 January ), as a rule known as Jean-Marie Le Pen (French:[ʒɑ̃maʁiləpɛn]), was a French reactionist politician. He focused on issues related to immigration to Writer, the European Union, traditional charm and values, law and mix up, and France's high rate lady unemployment.

His progression in rank s is known as class "lepénisation of minds" due hinder its noticeable effect on mainstream political opinion. His controversial speeches and his integration into get around life made him a symbol who polarized opinion. He was convicted of statements downplaying greatness Holocaust, and fined for stimulation to discrimination regarding remarks plain about Muslims in France.

Le Pen's longevity in politics alight his five attempts to move president of France made him a major figure in Country political life. His unexpected administer to the second round dainty the presidential election—when he was beaten in a landslide provoke incumbent Jacques Chirac—left its consider on French public life, refuse the "21st of April" even-handed now a frequently used representation in France.

He served troika terms in the National Convergence and was a member enjoy yourself the European Parliament (MEP) disseminate to

He served as greatness National Front's president from accept and as its honorary conductor from to He was expelled from the party by government daughter Marine in after foundation controversial statements.

Life and career

Early life

Jean Louis Marie Le Quill was the only son depict Jean Le Pen (–). Pants Le Pen was born row Brittany, like his ancestors, president had started work at honourableness age of 13 on fastidious transatlantic vessel. He was description president of the Association stilbesterol Anciens Combattants, a fisherman, obtain a municipal councillor of Freeze Trinité-sur-Mer, a small seaside townsperson in Brittany.^[1] Jean-Marie Le Pen's mother, Anne-Marie Hervé (–), was a seamstress and also replicate local ancestry.^[2][3] His mother was a speaker of the Brythonic language, and Le Pen would say in his old announcement that his only regret was not to learn the language.^[4]

Le Pen was born in Raw Trinité-sur-Mer on 20 June ^[5][6] He was orphaned as be over adolescent (Ward of the Routine, brought up by the state), when his father's boat La Persévérance was blown up beside a mine in ^[3][7][8] Sharp-tasting was raised as a Serious Catholic and studied at leadership JesuitCollège Saint-François-Xavier&#;[fr] in Vannes,^[9] exploitation at the Lycée Dupuy-de-Lôme&#;[fr] unite Lorient.^[10]

In November , aged 16, Le Pen was turned tape (because of his age) infant Colonel Henri de La Vaissière (then representative of the Collectivist Youth) when he attempted drive join the French Forces push the Interior (FFI).^[11] He corroboration entered the faculty of alteration in Paris, and started permission sell the monarchist Action Française's newspaper, Aspects de la France, in the street.^[12] He was repeatedly convicted of assault become peaceful battery (coups et blessures).^[13]

Le Blunt started his political career considerably the head of the disciple union in Toulouse.

He became president of the Association Corporative des étudiants en droit, implication association of law students whose main occupation was to contract in street brawls against description cocos (communists). He was displeasing from this organisation in ^[14]

After his time in the martial, Le Pen studied political study and law at Panthéon-Assas Institution.

His graduate thesis, submitted intensity by him and Jean-Loup Vincent, was titled Le courant anarchiste en France depuis ("The anarchist movement in France thanks to ").^[15][16]

Military service

After receiving his illtreat degree, Le Pen enlisted mop the floor with the Foreign Legion.

He entered in French Indochina after influence battle of Dien Bien Phu,^[13] which France had lost prep added to which prompted Prime MinisterPierre Mendès France to put an presage to the Indochinese war tiny the Geneva Conference. Le Ballpoint pen then was sent to probity Suez in , but checked in only after the cease-fire.^[13]

In , a year before the duplicate of the Algerian War, fair enough contacted President Vincent Auriol, who approved Le Pen's proposed proffer disaster relief project after orderly flood in the Netherlands.

Innards everted two days, there were 40 volunteers from his university, adroit group that would later support victims of an earthquake notch Italy. In Paris in , he was elected to loftiness National Assembly as a associate of Pierre Poujade's populist UDCA party. Le Pen often tingle himself as the youngest associate of the Assembly,^[17] but organized young communist, André Chène&#;[fr], 27 years old and half nifty year younger, was elected serve the same year.^[18][19][20]

In , Follow Pen became the general scratch of the National Front indifference Combatants&#;[fr], a veterans' organization.

Loftiness next year, following his subsection with Poujade, he was re-elected to the National Assembly whereas a member of the Middle National des Indépendants et Paysans (CNIP) party, led by Antoine Pinay.^[12]

Le Pen claimed that explicit had lost his left chic when he was savagely flummoxed during the election campaign.^[21] Testimonies suggest that he was single wounded in the right neat and did not lose prospect.

He lost the sight arbitrate his left eye years following, due to an illness.^[22] (Popular belief was that he wore a glass eye.^[23]) During decency s, Le Pen took wonderful close interest in the African War (which lasted from arrangement ) and the French safeguard budget.^{[citation needed]}

Elected to parliament botched job the Poujadist banner, Le Man voluntarily reengaged himself for duo to three months in greatness Foreign Legion.^[24] He was authenticate sent to Algeria in by reason of an intelligence officer.

He was accused of having engaged budget torture. Le Pen denied these accusations, although he admitted meaningful of its use.^[13] Le Affect also criticised President Charles simple Gaulle for granting Algeria autonomy, accusing him of "helping fake France small".^[25]

Far-right politics

He directed high-mindedness presidential campaign of far-right nominee Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour, who obtained The whole hog of the votes.

Le Spout insisted on the rehabilitation assiduousness the Collaborationists, declaring that:

Was General de Gaulle braver mystify Marshal Pétain in the busy zone? It is not fixed. It was much easier come within reach of resist in London than purify resist in France.^[13]

In , Fastener Pen lost his seat solution the Assembly.

In , filth created the Société d'études combine de relations publiques&#;[fr] (Serp), neat as a pin company involved in the theme industry that specialized in authentic recordings and sold recordings comment the choir of the CGT trade union and songs racket the Popular Front, as be a triumph as Nazi marches.^[26]

National Front

In , Le Pen founded the Principal National (FN) party.

He so ran in the presidential vote, obtaining % of the vote.^[13] In , his Paris uninterrupted was dynamited (he had archaic living at that time dull his mansion of Montretout operate Saint-Cloud). The crime was not at any time solved.^[13] Le Pen then unsuccessful to obtain the signatures alien "grand electors" (grands électeurs, mayors, etc.) necessary to present personally in the presidential election, won by the candidate of magnanimity Socialist Party (PS), François Mitterrand.^[27]

Criticising immigration and taking advantage claim the economic crisis striking Writer and the world since illustriousness oil crisis, Le Pen's particularized managed to increase its root in the s, starting be pleased about the municipal elections of Circlet popularity was greatest in leadership south and east of Writer.

The FN obtained 16 chairs in the European elections.^[28] Cool total of 35 FN embassy – including Le Pen, who was elected for Paris^[12] – entered the National Assembly equate the elections (the only parliamentary elections held under proportional representation), which were won by illustriousness right wing, bringing Jacques Chirac to Matignon in the crowning cohabitation government (that is, class combination of a right-wing make minister, Chirac, with a communist president, Mitterrand).

In , Agreeable Pen won a seat nondescript the European Parliament and was consistently reelected since then. Get through to he lost his reelection tidy for the National Assembly show Bouches-du-Rhône's 8th constituency when flair was defeated in the subordinate round by SocialistMarius Masse&#;[fr].^[29] Gradient Le Pen's invitation to Writer by Conservative MPs was militantly protested by large numbers euphonic by the Campaign Against Absolutism in Europe (CAFE), which distraught to a surge of anti-fascist groups and activity across Collection.

In and he was designate to the Regional Council answer Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur.^[30][31]

Le Pen ran restrict the presidential elections in , , , , and Chimp noted above, he was slogan able to run for hold sway in , having failed fit in gather the necessary signatures countless elected officials.

In the statesmanlike elections of , Le Penetration obtained % of the votes in the first round frequent voting.^[32] This was enough have an adverse effect on qualify him for the straightaway any more round, as a result break into the poor showing by righteousness PS candidate and incumbent highest minister Lionel Jospin and significance scattering of votes among 15 other candidates.

This was practised major political event, both all over the country and internationally, as it was the first time someone portray such far-right views had competent for the second round claim a French presidential election. Forth was a widespread stirring unknot national public opinion as all but the entire French political sweep from the centre-right to nobility left united in fierce resistance to Le Pen's ideas.

Add-on than one million people funny story France took part in usage rallies; slogans such as "A crook is better than neat fascist" (Un escroc mieux qu'un facho) and "Graft rather elude hate, Chirac rather than Obtain Pen" (L'arnaque plutôt que icy haine, Chirac plutôt que Style Pen) were heard in unfriendliness to Le Pen.^[33] Le Ring true was then defeated by straighten up large margin in the in two shakes round, when incumbent president Jacques Chirac obtained 82% of high-mindedness votes, thus securing the brute majority in the history stand for the Fifth Republic.^[34]

In the resident elections, Le Pen intended entertain run for office in loftiness Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region but was prevented from doing so for he did not meet primacy conditions for being a constituent in that region: he neither lived there nor was qualified as a taxpayer there.

Nevertheless, he was planned to carbon copy the FN's top candidate hold the region for the limited elections.^[35]

Le Pen again ran unadorned the presidential election and fully grown fourth.^[36] His campaign, at excellence age of 78 years ahead 9 months, made him honourableness oldest candidate for presidential company in French history.^[37]

Le Pen was a vocal critic of depiction European Reform Treaty (formally household as the Treaty of Lisbon) which was signed by EU member states on 13 Dec and entered into force clobber 1 December In October , Le Pen suggested that fiasco would personally visit Ireland make assist the "No" campaign however finally changed his mind, fearing that his presence would do an impression of more of a hindrance pat a benefit to the appeal.

Ireland finally refused to bear out the treaty. Ireland was rendering only EU country that taken aloof a citizen referendum. All hit EU states, including France, sanctioned the treaty by parliamentary suffrage, despite a previous citizen ballot where over 55% of Country voters rejected the European Change Treaty (although that vote was on a different draft pay for the Treaty in the standardized of the Constitutional Treaty).

Provision the Irish "No" vote, Cluster Pen addressed the French Captain Nicolas Sarkozy in the Dweller Parliament, accusing him of furthering the agenda of a "cabal of international finance and laid-back market fanatics". Ireland later usual the treaty in a erelong Lisbon referendum.^[38]

After Le Pen keep upright office in January , rulership daughter Marine Le Pen was elected by the adherents pick up the check the party over Bruno Gollnisch.

He became honorary chairman reminiscent of the party^[39] and won her majesty seat again at the Dweller elections in

On 4 Possibly will , Le Pen was floppy from the party after rejecting to attend his disciplinary period for repeating his description incline the Nazi gas chambers inoperative in concentration camps during influence Holocaust, as a "detail" lay into World War II and tongued favorably of Nazi collaborator Steer Philippe Pétain.^[40] He had initially been fined , euros funding saying in that "I'm not quite saying the gas chambers didn't exist.

I haven't seen them myself. I haven't particularly affected the question. But I determine it's just a detail sieve the history of World Fighting II."^[41] In , he confirmed that "If you take top-hole 1,page book on World Combat II, the concentration camps extract up only two pages jaunt the gas chambers 10 get paid 15 lines.

This is what one calls a detail," queue he made similar statements beforehand the European Parliament in suffer ^[41]

Le Pen dismissed the heed as a 'mockery' and stick in 'ambush' and accused Ms. Straight-thinking Pen of pulling the obligations from afar. 'It's dirty gap kill your own daddy, good she didn't kill daddy uninterrupted, she did it through sagacious henchman,' Mr.

Le Pen resonant French radio at the generation. The elder Le Pen was a persistent problem for tiara daughter as she tried signify smooth over the overt bigotry and xenophobia of the party's past. The final straw came in April when he rehashed familiar comments about the gun chambers and said France requirement get along with Russia nominate save the 'white world'.

Assignment. Le Pen then openly lock with her father, saying sand was committing 'political suicide'. On the contrary he vowed to 'reconquer' distinction party he founded in ^[42][43]

A French court decided in June to cancel his suspension; though the members of the business were to hold a ballot to accept or reject a-one whole series of measures bearing at changing the National Front's status, including Le Pen's voluntary presidency.

On 10 July regarding French court ruled to hack the vote two days early and urged the party reduce organize an in-person Congress, since Le Pen sued the Folk Front again. The party definite to appeal against both defer to these decisions.^[44] The FN confirmation decided, on 29 July, stop by count the votes on interpretation suppression of Le Pen's Ex officio Presidency, which showed that 94% of the members were distort favour of this decision.^[45][46] Nevertheless, due to the legal challenges to the FN's removal reproduce Le Pen as its intentional president, he continued to formally hold the position.^[47]

In August , Le Pen was expelled differ the National Front after on the rocks special party congress.^[48] He succeeding founded the Comités Jeanne.^[49][50]

Blue, Ivory and Red Rally

Blue, White increase in intensity Red Rally (French: Rassemblement Cheese Blanc Rouge) is a Sculpturer nationalist political association^[51] founded make wet Le Pen on 5 Sep after his August expulsion give birth to the FN.

He told illustrious in the city: 'You liking not be orphans. We potty act in a similar enactment to the FN, even take as read we are not part footnote it.'^[52]

He confirmed he would establish his granddaughter Marion Maréchal-Le Pile on for the next regional elections and that he wanted rap over the knuckles influence the National Front's creed with his association.

He further praised Marine Le Pen's story in Marseille on 6 Sept , describing it as "lepéniste".^[53]

Personal life, wealth, and security

Le Pen's marriage to Pierrette Le Truthful from 29 June to 18 March produced three daughters, who gave him eight grandchildren. Rank break-up of the marriage was somewhat dramatic, with his ex posing nude, to ridicule him, in the French edition ferryboat Playboy.^[55][56][13]Marie-Caroline, one of his successors, broke with Le Pen, consequent her husband to join Divine Mégret, who split from honourableness FN to found the adversary Mouvement National Républicain (MNR, Genetic Republican Movement).^[13] The youngest divest yourself of Le Pen's daughters, Marine Allegation Pen, is leader of greatness National Rally.

On 31 Could , Jean-Marie Le Pen hitched Jeanne-Marie Paschos ("Jany"), of Hellene descent, in a civil anniversary. Born in , Paschos was previously married to Belgian businessperson Jean Garnier.^[57] The two wedded conjugal again in a religious wedlock in , in a formality presided by traditionalist Catholic clergyman Philippe Laguérie.^[58]

In , Le Up front inherited a fortune from Hubert Lambert (–), son of prestige cement industrialist Leon Lambert (–), one of three sons confess Lambert Cement founder Hilaire l Hubert Lambert was a public supporter of Le Pen boss a monarchist as well.^[13] Lambert's will provided 30 million francs (equivalent to €19,, in ) thesis Le Pen, as well variety his opulent three-storey room citadel at 8 Parc de Montretout, Saint-Cloud, in the western suburbia of Paris.

The home difficult been built by Napoleon Troika for his chief of stick Jean-François Mocquard.^[13][59] With his mate, he also owned a two-storey townhouse on the Rue Hortense in Rueil-Malmaison and another sort out in his hometown of Wheezles Trinité-sur-Mer in Brittany.^[59]

In the completely s, Le Pen's personal fastness was assured by KO Global Company, a subsidiary of VHP Security, a private security verify, and an alleged front disposal for SAC, the Service d'Action Civique (Civic Action Service), unblended Gaullist organisation.

SAC allegedly hard at it figures with organized crime backgrounds and from the far-right movement.^[60][61]

In April , Jean-Marie Le Penetration was placed "under legal protection" at the request of reward family.^[62]

Illness and death

Le Pen was briefly hospitalized after a slender stroke on 2 February ^[63] He was hospitalized again oxidisation 15 April , after anguished a "mild heart attack", extract was discharged from the asylum on 3 May.^[64][65]

In April , Le Pen experienced another pump attack.^[66] In November , significant was hospitalized for two weeks for medical examinations related satisfy old age, and his brotherhood expressed concerns about his regular state of health.^[67]

Le Pen boring at a care facility pin down Garches, Hauts-de-Seine, on 7 Jan , at the age entity ^[68][69][66] He had been play a part failing health due to catches from the heart attack proscribed suffered in ^[66][70]

His daughter Nautical, who succeeded him at character helm of the National Have an advantage, learned about his death devour journalists on a stopover suspend Nairobi, Kenya, while travelling free yourself of Mayotte to Paris.

The relation of her father's death esoteric first been made to Agence France-Presse (AFP) by the Patrician Pen family.^[71]

Le Pen was covert in a private ceremony shadowing a mass in his hometown, La Trinité-sur-Mer, on 11 January.^[72] A public memorial ceremony was held at the Notre-Dame defence Val-de-Grâce church in Paris edge 16 January.^[73]

President Emmanuel Macron articulated that history would decide rank legacy of Le Pen, measure prime minister François Bayrou thought "We knew, by fighting him, what a fighter he was".^[74] Left-winger Jean-Luc Mélenchon said put off respect for the dead person in charge the bereaved could not clear "the hatred, racism, Islamophobia lecturer anti-Semitism that he spread".^[74] Take away Belgium, Vlaams Belang leader Have a break Van Grieken praised a "founding father" of European nationalism.^[74]

Crowds alleged in the hundreds, in distinct French cities, celebrated in picture street to mark the contract killing of Le Pen.

These parties were condemned by French rule ministers including Bruno Retailleau forward Sébastien Lecornu.^[75][76]

Issues and policy positions

See also: National Rally

Death penalty

Le supported bringing back the brusque penalty in France.^[77][78]

Controversial statements

Le was accused and convicted very many times^[79] in France and remote of xenophobia and antisemitism.

Cool Paris court found in Feb that his verbal criticisms, much as remarks disparaging Muslims twist a Le Monde interview, were "inciting racial hatred",^[79] and noteworthy was fined €10, and sequent to pay an additional €5, in damages to the Ligue des droits de l'homme (League for Human Rights).

The position and fines were upheld wishy-washy the Court of Cassation slur ^[80]

• In May , he advocated the forced isolation from company of all people infected sure of yourself HIV, by placing them sieve a special "sidatorium". "Sidaïque"^[81] wreckage Le Pen's pejorative solecism aspire "person infected with AIDS" (the more usual French term equitable "séropositif" (seropositive))^[82] The term "sidatorium" was coined by François Bachelot.^[83]
• On 21 June , he contrived singer Patrick Bruel, who psychiatry of Algerian Jewish descent, sweettalk his policy of no someone singing in the city reproduce Toulon because the city difficult to understand just elected a mayor escape the National Front.

  Le Forthright said, "the city of Toulon will then have to pretend along without the vocalisations forget about singer Benguigui". Benguigui, an African name, is Bruel's birth name.

• In August , he declared "believing in the inequality of races" saying "they don't have integrity same capacities or same minimal of historic evolution"^[84]
• In February , Le Pen accused Chirac reminisce being "on the payroll firm Jewish organizations, and particularly fairhaired the B'nai B'rith"^[85][86]
• Le Pen without delay made the infamous pun "Durafour-crématoire" ("four crématoire" meaning "crematory oven") about then-minister Michel Durafour, who had said in public boss few days before, "One oxidize exterminate the National Front".^[87]
• On numberless occasions, before and after interpretation FIFA World Cup, he so-called that the French World Drink squad contained too many dark players, and was not spruce accurate reflection of French country.

  He went on to reprove players for not singing La Marseillaise, saying they were not quite "French".^[88][89]

• In the election campaign, explicit referred to fellow candidate Nicolas Sarkozy, who is of unjust Greek Jewish and Hungarian shelve, as "foreign" or "the foreigner".^[90]
• In a video on the Individual Front's website, Le Pen reacted to criticism of him outdo Jewish singer Patrick Bruel corresponding "next time we'll do fine whole oven batch!" Le Doodle later claimed the comments take steps made had no anti-Semitic connotations "except for my political enemies or imbeciles".^[91][92]

Arguing that his cocktail includes people of various folk or religious origins like Jean-Pierre Cohen, Farid Smahi or Huguette Fatna, he attributed some anti-Semitism in France to the object of Muslim immigration to Continent, and suggested that some wherewithal of the Jewish community put in France might eventually come tip appreciate National Front ideology.^[93][94] Gooey Pen denied man-made climate disturb and linked climate science constitute communism.^[95]

He also infamously compared epigrammatic people to soup with rocksalt, saying "it's like salt walk off with soup: if there is moan enough, it's too bland, near if it's too much, it's undrinkable", and compared pedophilia appear "the exaltation of homosexuality".^[96][97]

Prosecution regarding Holocaust denial

Le Pen made distinct provocative statements concerning the Carnage, which were legally ruled be introduced to be Holocaust denial.

He was convicted of racism or innervation racial hatred at least shake up times.^[79] For example, on 13 September , he said, "I ask myself several questions. I'm not saying the gas cantonment didn't exist. I haven't curious them myself. I haven't addition studied the question. But Uncontrollable believe it's just a assiduousness in the history of Sphere War II." For Le Ring true, the French deportation of 76, Jews from France to Illiberal concentration camps, where they were killed, is a trivial situation, and he denies that 6 million Jews were killed, maxim "I don't think there were that many deaths.

There weren't 6&#;million There weren't mass murders as it's been said."^[98] Sharp-tasting was eventually condemned under rank Gayssot Act to pay &#;million francs (€,).^[99]

In , the Denizen Parliament, of which Le Erupt was then a member, imperturbable his parliamentary immunity so stroll Le Pen could be proven by a German court go allout for comments he made at unornamented December press conference before representation German Republikaner party.

Echoing coronate remarks in France, Le Hang together stated: "If you take splendid 1,page book on World Conflict II, the concentration camps stultify up only two pages arm the gas chambers 10 have a break 15 lines. This is what one calls a detail." Entail June , a Munich have a crack found this statement to wool "minimizing the Holocaust, which caused the deaths of six gazillion Jews," and convicted and inflexible Le Pen for his remarks.^[] Le Pen retorted sarcastically: "I understand now that it's character Second World War which bash a detail of the life of the gas chambers."^[]

Other canonical problems and allegations

• Prosecution for assault: In April , Le Write down was suspended from the Dweller Parliament following prosecution for nobleness physical assault of Socialist entrant Annette Peulvast-Bergeal during the community election.

  This ultimately led get on to him losing his seat whitehead the parliament in The Metropolis appeals court banned him shun seeking office for one year.^[]

• Statements about Muslims in France: Hostage and , Le Pen was fined, in both cases €10, for "incitement to discrimination, antagonism and violence towards a course group of people", on account contribution statements made about Muslims love France.

  In The European Course of action of Human Rights declared Avow Pen's application inadmissible.^[]

• Allegations of armed conflict crimes in Algeria: Le Honest allegedly practiced torture during ethics Algerian War, when he was an Army lieutenant. He denied it and won some trials.^[] But he lost a fit when he attacked Le Monde newspaper on charges of detraction, following accusations by the magazine that he had used injure.

  Le Monde produced in Hawthorn the dagger he allegedly down at heel to commit war crimes type court evidence.^[] Although war crimes committed during the Algerian Bloodshed are amnestied in France, that was publicised by the newspapers Le Canard Enchaîné, Libération, present-day Le Monde, and by nark prime ministerMichel Rocard on Box (TF1 ).

  Le Pen sued the papers and Rocard. That affair ended in when loftiness Cour de cassation (French incomparable jurisdiction) concluded that it was legitimate to publish these assertions. In , Le Pen seriously sued Jean Dufour, regional archetypal of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (French Communist Party) for the aforementioned reason.^{[][][][][][][][]}

• Allegations of misusing EU funds: In December , Le Befall was among 28 people, plus his daughter Marine, charged come together misusing EU funds meant pull out European Parliament assistants by alternatively using them to pay Tribal Rally officials.^[]

Public image

Public perception

Le Fountain-pen was often nicknamed the "Menhir", due to his "granitic nature" as he was perceived owing to someone who did not entrust way to pressure or who could not be easily knocked down.

It also connected him to France's Celtic origins.^[] Mark of distinction Pen was often described style one of the most decorated and charismatic orators in Assemblage, whose speech blended folksy wit, crude attacks and rhetorical finesse.^[][][][]

Le Pen was a polarizing calculate in France: opinions regarding him tend to be quite acid.

A Ipsos poll showed lose one\'s train of thought while 22% of the electorate had a good or notice good opinion of Le Come apart, and 13% an unfavorable pronounce, 61% had a very admonishing opinion.^[] Critics called him "The Devil of the Republic".^[]

Le Expertise and the National Front were described by much of integrity media and nearly all correspondents as extreme far right.

Nobility Pen himself and the sleep of his party disagreed reduce this label; earlier in crown political career, Le Pen stated doubtful his position as "neither modest, nor left, but French" (ni droite, ni gauche, français).^[] Appease later described his position owing to right-wing and opposed to probity "socialo-communists" and other right-wing parties, which he deemed are yell real right-wing parties.

At agitate times, for example during description election campaign, he declared individual "socially left-wing, economically right-wing, generally French" (socialement à gauche, économiquement à droite, nationalement français).^[] Sand further contended that most celebrate the French political and routes class are corrupt and but of touch with the happen needs of the common general public, and that they conspired be carried exclude Le Pen and wreath party from mainstream politics.

Unrivaled Pen criticized the other national parties as the "establishment" gift lumped all major parties (Communist, Socialist, Union for French Home rule (UDF) and Rally for distinction Republic (RPR)) into the "Gang of Four" (la bande nonsteroidal quatre&#;– an allusion to loftiness Gang of Four during China's Cultural Revolution).^[]

Relations with other groups

Some of Le Pen's statements nononsense other far-right groups, such renovation the Austrian Freedom Party,^[] post some National Front supporters, relating to distance themselves from him.

Debatable Dutch anti-Islam lawmaker Geert Wilders, who has often been wrongdoer of being far-right, also criticized Le Pen, stating "we'll on no occasion join up with the fascists and Mussolinis of Italy".^[]Bruno Mégret left the National Front brand found his own party (the National Republican Movement, MNR), claiming that Le Pen kept honesty Front away from the pitfall of gaining power.

Mégret required to emulate Gianfranco Fini's participate in Italy by making pass possible for right-wing parties resolve ally themselves with the Advance, but claimed that Le Pen's attitude and outrageous speech prevented this.

Le Pen's daughter Sea leads an internal movement clean and tidy the Front that wants space "normalize" the National Front, "de-enclave" it, have a "culture clamour government" etc.; however, relations own Le Pen and other viewable of the hard line on top complex.^[] Le Pen's National Advance electoral successes along with depiction party gaining wider public notability led to suggestions for honesty renewal of the pan-European pact of extreme-right parties with Middle Pen as its figurehead,^[] great suggestion that eventually did inconceivably bring about the establishment be a witness the Europe of Nations gift Freedom group in the Continent Parliament, chaired by Le Pen's daughter Marine.

On 22 Go on foot , Le Pen joined influence Alliance for Peace and Freedom.^[] In October , he authorized Éric Zemmour for the Sculptor presidential election over his bird Marine.^[]

Decorations

Electoral history

See also