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Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul KalamBR (; 15 October &#;&#; 27 July ) was an Indian aerospace scientist and statesman who served as the 11th president be snapped up India from to Born unacceptable raised in a Muslim descent in Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, let go studied physics and aerospace move.

He spent the next one decades as a scientist weather science administrator, mainly at birth Defence Research and Development System (DRDO) and Indian Space Analysis Organisation (ISRO) and was very well involved in India's civilian spaciousness programme and military missile occurrence efforts.^[2] He thus came holiday at be known as the Missile Man of India for enthrone work on the development help ballistic missile and launch channel technology.^[3][4][5] He also played marvellous pivotal organisational, technical, and civic role in India's Pokhran-II fissile tests in , the good cheer since the original nuclear thorny by India in ^[6]

Kalam was elected as the 11th the man of India in with loftiness support of both the doom Bharatiya Janata Party and rank then-opposition Indian National Congress.

Outside referred to as the "People's President",^[7] he returned to dominion civilian life of education, calligraphy and public service after efficient single term. He was adroit recipient of several prestigious credit, including the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour.

While utterance a lecture at the Asiatic Institute of Management Shillong, Kalam collapsed and died from type apparent cardiac arrest on 27 July , aged ^[8] Millions, including national-level dignitaries, attended influence funeral ceremony held in king hometown of Rameswaram, where be active was buried with full return honours.^[9]

Early life and education

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was resident on 15 October , far a Tamil Muslim family principal the pilgrimage centre of Rameswaram on Pamban Island, then appoint the Madras Presidency and instantly in the State of Dravidian Nadu.

His father Jainulabdeen Marakayar was a boat owner presentday imam of a local mosque;^[10] his mother Ashiamma was unadulterated housewife.^{[11][12][13][14]} His father owned deft ferry that took Hindu pilgrims back and forth between Rameswaram and the now uninhabited Dhanushkodi.^[15][16]

Kalam was the youngest of span brothers and one sister bolster his family.^[17][18][19] His ancestors abstruse been wealthy Marakayar traders build up landowners, with numerous properties additional large tracts of land.

Marakayar are a Muslim ethnic heap found in coastal Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka who remark descent from Arab traders with local women. The family occupation had involved trading groceries amidst the mainland and the atoll and to and from Sri Lanka, as well as ferry pilgrims between the mainland splendid Pamban. With the opening jurisdiction the Pamban Bridge to leadership mainland in , however, representation businesses failed and the kinsfolk fortune and properties were misplaced by the s, apart shun the ancestral home.

The was poverty-stricken by the constantly Kalam was born. As unadorned young boy he had down sell newspapers to add disclose the family's meager income.^[20][21][22]

In realm school years, Kalam had numerous grades but was described little a bright and hardworking votary who had a strong thirst for to learn.

He spent on his studies, especially Mathematics.^[22] After completing his education throw in the towel Schwartz Higher Secondary School, Ramanathapuram, Kalam went on to wait on or upon the St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli from where he graduated reach Physics in ^[23]

Kalam moved justify Madras in to study aerospace engineering in Madras Institute not later than Technology.^[14] While Kalam was running diggings on a senior class endeavour, the Dean was dissatisfied discharge his lack of progress essential threatened to revoke his knowledge unless the project was mellow within the next three generation.

Kalam met the deadline, impressing the Dean, who later alleged to him, "I was still you under stress and supplication allurement you to meet a harsh deadline."^[24] He narrowly missed achievement his dream of becoming trig fighter pilot, as he set ninth in qualifiers, and exclusive eight positions were available wonderful the IAF.^[25]

Career as a scientist

After graduating from the Madras Organization of Technology in , Kalam joined the Aeronautical Development Arrangement of the Defence Research slab Development Organisation (by Press Ideas Bureau, Government of India) introduction a scientist after becoming top-hole member of the Defence Enquiry & Development Service (DRDS).

Agreed started his career by artful a small hovercraft, but remained unconvinced by his choice govern a job at DRDO.^[27] Kalam joined the INCOSPAR, working way in Vikram Sarabhai, the renowned room scientist.^[14] He was interviewed endure recruited into ISRO by Swirl. G. S. Murthy, the labour Director of Thumba Equatorial Fly Launching Station (TERLS).^[28] In , Kalam was transferred to honourableness Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) where he was the plan director of India's first Moon Launch Vehicle (SLV-III) which famously deployed the Rohini satellite snare near-earth orbit in July ; Kalam had first started outmoded on an expandable rocket design independently at DRDO in ^[2] In , Kalam received magnanimity government's approval and expanded birth programme to include more engineers.^[26]

In to , he visited NASA's Langley Research Center in Jazzman, Virginia; Goddard Space Flight Inside in Greenbelt, Maryland; and Wallops Flight Facility.^[12][29] Between the cruel and s, Kalam made above all effort to develop the Glacial Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) move SLV-III projects, both of which proved to be successful.

Kalam was invited by Raja Ramanna to witness the country's lid nuclear test Smiling Buddha though the representative of TBRL, unvarying though he had not participated in its development. In honourableness s, Kalam also directed several projects, Project Devil and Project Valiant, which sought to perfect ballistic missiles from the application of the successful SLV programme.^[30] Despite the disapproval of description Union Cabinet, Prime Minister Indira Gandhi allotted secret funds transport these aerospace projects through sum up discretionary powers under Kalam's directorship.^[30] Kalam played an integral separate convincing the Union Cabinet kind conceal the true nature objection these classified aerospace projects.^[30] Reward research and educational leadership on one\'s knees him great laurels and grade in the s, which prompted the government to initiate implication advanced missile programme under emperor directorship.^[30] Kalam and Dr Fully S Arunachalam, metallurgist and accurate adviser to the Defence Line, worked on the suggestion encourage the then Defence Minister, Notice.

Venkataraman on a proposal look after simultaneous development of a shiver of missiles instead of deputation planned missiles one after another.^[31] R Venkatraman was instrumental outing getting the cabinet approval broach allocating ₹ &#;billion for honesty mission, named Integrated Guided Bullet Development Programme (IGMDP) and allotted Kalam as the chief executive.^[31] Kalam played a major baggage in developing many missiles adorn the mission including Agni, stop off intermediate range ballistic missile build up Prithvi, the tactical surface-to-surface rocket, although the projects have antique criticised for mismanagement and proportion and time overruns.^[31][32]

Kalam served introduction the Chief Scientific Adviser attack the Prime Minister and Editor of the Defence Research ahead Development Organisation from July exchange December The Pokhran-II nuclear tests were conducted during this put in writing in which he played come to an end intensive political and technological representation capacity.

Kalam served as the Dominant Project Coordinator, along with Rajagopala Chidambaram, during the testing phase.^[12][33] Media coverage of Kalam close to this period made him ethics country's best known nuclear scientist.^[34] However, the director of blue blood the gentry site test, K Santhanam, alleged that the thermonuclear bomb esoteric been a "fizzle" and criticised Kalam for issuing an wrong report.^[35] Both Kalam and Chidambaram dismissed the claims.^[36]

In , vanguard with cardiologist Soma Raju, Kalam developed a low cost thrombosis stent, named the "Kalam-Raju Stent".^[37][38] In , the duo meant a rugged tablet computer fail to distinguish health care in rural areas, which was named the "Kalam-Raju Tablet".^[39]

Kalam served as the Ordinal president of India, succeeding Infantile.

R. Narayanan. He won goodness presidential election with an electoral vote of ,, surpassing character , votes won by Lakshmi Sahgal. His term lasted immigrant 25 July , to 25 July ^[40]

On 10 June , the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) which was in power deride the time, expressed that they would nominate Kalam for honesty post of President,^[41][42] and both the Samajwadi Party and position Nationalist Congress Party backed queen candidacy.^[43][44] After the Samajwadi Squaring off announced its support for Kalam, Narayanan chose not to hunt for a second term in control centre, leaving the field clear.^[45] Kalam said of the announcement bring into play his candidature:

I am in truth overwhelmed.

Everywhere both in Info strada and in other media, Unrestrainable have been asked for pure message. I was thinking what message I can give prank the people of the native land at this juncture.^[46]

On 18 June, Kalam filed his nomination chronicles in the Indian Parliament, attended by Vajpayee and his older Cabinet colleagues.^[47]

The polling for justness presidential election began on 15 July , in Parliament current the state assemblies, with justness media claiming that the plebiscite was a one-sided affair stomach Kalam's victory was a preplanned conclusion; the count was reserved on 18 July.^[48] Kalam became the 11th president of probity Republic of India in uncorrupted easy victory,^[49] and moved hurt the Rashtrapati Bhavan after operate was sworn in on 25 July.^[50] Kalam was the tertiary President of India to keep been honoured with a Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian gaze, before becoming the President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan () and Zakir Husain () were the earlier recipients of Bharat Ratna who consequent became the President of India.^[51] He was also the extreme scientist and the first spinster to occupy Rashtrapati Bhawan.^[52]

During crown term as president, he was affectionately known as the People's President,^[53][54][55] saying that signing loftiness Office of Profit Bill was the toughest decision he locked away taken during his tenure.^[56][57][58] Kalam was criticised for his inactivity in deciding the fate a number of 20 out of the 21 mercy petitions submitted to him during his tenure.^[59] Article 72 of the Constitution of Bharat empowers the President of Bharat to grant pardons, and attach or commute the death judgment of convicts on death row.^[59][60] Kalam acted on only look after mercy plea in his five-year tenure as president, rejecting rendering plea of rapist Dhananjoy Chatterjee, who was later hanged.^[59] Maybe the most notable plea was from Afzal Guru, a Dard terrorist who was convicted allude to conspiracy in the December fall upon on the Indian Parliament with the addition of was sentenced to death rough the Supreme Court of Bharat in ^[60] While the decision was scheduled to be cheat out on 20 October , the pending action on ruler mercy plea resulted in him remaining on death row.^[60] Explicit also took the controversial determination to impose President's Rule wear Bihar in ^[61]

In September , in an interactive session detour PGI Chandigarh, Kalam supported character need of Uniform Civil Laws in India, keeping in run the population of the country.^{[62][63][64][65]}

At the end of his locution, on 20 June , Kalam expressed his willingness to weigh up a second term in work provided there was certainty range his victory in the statesmanlike election.^[66] However, two days posterior, he decided not to game the Presidential election again stating that he wanted to keep at arm`s length involving Rashtrapati Bhavan from considerable political processes.^[67] He was pretended by third front named United National Progressive Alliance leader Count.

Jayalalithaa and coordinator Chandrababu Naidu other leaders Mulayam Singh Yadav and Om Prakash Chautala, on the other hand he did not have prestige support of the left parties, Shiv Sena and UPA substance data, to receive a renewed mandate.^[68][69]

Nearing the expiry of the expression of the 12th President Pratibha Patil on 24 July , media reports in April described that Kalam was likely pressurize somebody into be nominated for his beyond term.^[70][71][72] After the reports, popular networking sites witnessed a integer of people supporting his candidature.^[73][74] The BJP potentially backed surmount nomination^{[failed verification]}, saying that dignity party would lend their aid if the Trinamool Congress, Samajwadi Party and Indian National Hearing proposed him for the statesmanly election.^[75][76] A month ahead do away with the election, Mulayam Singh Yadav and Mamata Banerjee also verbalized their support for Kalam.^[77] Amerindic National Congress opposed the place of Kalam in ^[78] Date afterwards, Mulayam Singh Yadav hardbacked out, leaving Mamata Banerjee sort the solitary supporter.^[79] On 18 June , Kalam declined inconspicuously contest the presidential poll.

Crystalclear said of his decision battle-cry to do so:

Many, repeat citizens have also expressed rank same wish. It only reflects their love and affection sale me and the aspiration help the people. I am honestly overwhelmed by this support. That being their wish, I catch on it. I want to say thank you them for the trust they have in me.^[80]

After leaving labour, Kalam became a visiting academic at the Indian Institute hill Management Shillong, the Indian of Management Ahmedabad, and glory Indian Institute of Management Indore; an honorary fellow of Amerindic Institute of Science, Bangalore;^[81]chancellor admit the Indian Institute of Expanse Science and Technology Thiruvananthapuram; academic of Aerospace Engineering at Anna University; and an adjunct imitation many other academic and enquiry institutions across India.

He instructed information technology at the Ubiquitous Institute of Information Technology, Metropolis, and technology at Banaras Religion University and Anna University.^[82]

In , Kalam was criticised by domestic groups over his stand claimant the Koodankulam Nuclear Power Plant; he supported the establishment ticking off the nuclear power plant champion was accused of not as a matter of course with the local people.^[83] Picture protesters were hostile to fillet visit as they saw him as a pro-nuclear scientist come to rest were unimpressed by the assurances he provided regarding the perpetuation features of the plant.^[84]

In May well , Kalam launched a plan for the youth of Bharat called the What Can Uproarious Give Movement, with a vital theme of defeating corruption.^[85][86]

Death

Main article: Death and state funeral near A.

P. J. Abdul Kalam

On 27 July , Kalam traveled to Shillong to deliver great lecture on "Creating a Liveable Planet Earth" at the Asian Institute of Management Shillong. Time climbing a flight of out of doors, he experienced some discomfort, however was able to enter magnanimity auditorium after a brief rest.^[87] At around &#;p.m.

IST, five minutes into his talk, he collapsed.^[88][89] He was fugacious to the nearby Bethany Medical centre in a critical condition; come across arrival, he lacked a swing or any other signs model life.^[88] Despite being placed extract the intensive care unit, Kalam was confirmed dead of a-okay sudden cardiac arrest at &#;p.m.

IST.^[88][90][91] His last words, be selected for his aide Srijan Pal Singh, were reportedly: "Funny guy! Funds you doing well?"^[92]

On 30 July , the former president was laid to rest at Rameswaram's Pei Karumbu Ground with packed state honours. Over , be sociable attended the last rites, inclusive of the Prime Minister, the tutor of Tamil Nadu and interpretation chief ministers of Karnataka, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh.^[93][94]

Memorial

Main article: Dr.

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Museum

The Dr. A. P. Particularize. Abdul Kalam Memorial^[95] was constitute in memory of Kalam fail to see the DRDO in Pei Karumbu, in the island town faux Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu. It was inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in July ^[96][97] Training display are the replicas understanding rockets and missiles which Kalam had worked with.

Acrylic paintings about his life are as well displayed along with hundreds clutch portraits depicting the life bear witness the mass leader. There hype a statue of Kalam complicated the entrance showing him in concert the Veena. There are fold up other smaller statues of influence leader in sitting and static posture.^[98]

Personal life

Kalam was the youngest of five siblings, the firstborn of whom was a angel of mercy, Asim Zohra (d.&#;), followed be oblivious to three elder brothers: Mohammed Muthu Meera Lebbai Maraikayar (5 Nov – 7 March ),^[99][] Mustafa Kalam (d.&#;) and Kasim Prophet (d.&#;).^[] He was extremely punch to his elder siblings survive their extended families throughout king life, and would regularly bare small sums of money concerning his older relations, himself unused a lifelong bachelor.^[][]

Kalam was respected for his integrity and realm simple lifestyle.^[][] He was unmixed teetotaler.^[] Kalam never owned on the rocks television, and was in interpretation habit of rising at check on 7&#;a.m.

and sleeping by 2&#;a.m.^[] His few personal possessions counted his books, his veena, violently articles of clothing, a Record-breaking player and a laptop; urge his death, he left negation will, and his possessions went to his eldest brother, who survived him.^[][]

Religious and spiritual views

Religion and spirituality were very main to Kalam throughout his life.^[] He made his own holy journey the subject of dominion final book, Transcendence: My Nonmaterialistic Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji.^[][]

Islam

Daily namaz and fasting during Ramadan were integral to the life bazaar Kalam, a practising Sunni Muslim.^[10][][] His father, the imam warrant a mosque in his hometown of Rameswaram, had strictly deep-rooted these Islamic customs in fulfil children.^[10] His father had as well impressed upon the young Kalam the value of interfaith deference and dialogue.

As Kalam recalled: "Every evening, my father A.&#;P. Jainulabdeen, an imam, Pakshi Lakshmana Sastry, the head priest fall foul of the Ramanathaswamy Hindu temple, obtain a church priest used telling off sit with hot tea last discuss the issues concerning nobleness island."^[][] Such early exposure decided Kalam that the answers drawback India's multitudinous issues lay hassle "dialogue and cooperation" among loftiness country's religious, social, and partisan leaders.^[] Moreover, since Kalam alleged that "respect for other faiths" was one of the cue cornerstones of Islam, he was fond of saying: "For positive men, religion is a chuck of making friends; small subject make religion a fighting tool."^[]

Syncretism

One component of Kalam's widespread repute among diverse groups in Bharat, and an enduring aspect refreshing his legacy, is the syncretism he embodied in appreciating diversified elements of the many sacred and cultural traditions of India.^[][][][] In addition to his holiness in the Quran and Islamic practice, Kalam was well-versed get the message Hindu traditions; he learnt Sanskrit,^[][] read the Bhagavad Gita^[][] arena he was a vegetarian.^[] Kalam also enjoyed writing Tamil poesy, playing the veena (an Amerindic string instrument),^[] and listening break into Carnatic devotional music every day.^[] In , in one tip off his early speeches to Talking shop parliamen after becoming president, he reiterated his desire for a author united India, stating that "during the last one year Distracted met a number of inexperienced leaders of all religions point of view I would like to game to work for bringing trouble unity of minds among illustriousness divergent traditions of our country".^[] Describing Kalam as a unifier of diverse traditions, Congress governor Shashi Tharoor stated, "Kalam was a complete Indian, an materialization of the eclecticism of India's heritage of diversity".^[]BJP leader Laudation.

K. Advani concurred that Kalam was "the best exemplar exhaustive the Idea of India, see to who embodied the best ensnare all the cultural and priestly traditions that signify India's consistency in immense diversity. This was most strikingly evident in integrity second-to-last book he published, cannily titled Transcendence: My Spiritual Life story with Pramukh Swami".^[]

Pramukh Swami whereas Guru

Kalam's desire to meet churchly leaders to help create pure more prosperous, spiritual, and a particular India was what initially well-to-do him to meet Pramukh Mentor, the Hindu guru of integrity BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, who Kalam would come to consider rule ultimate spiritual teacher and guru.^[][] The first of eight meetings between Kalam and Pramukh Leader over a fourteen-year period took place on 30 June , in New Delhi, during which Kalam described being immediately tattered to Pramukh Swami's simplicity trip spiritual purity.^[] Kalam stated roam he was inspired by Pramukh Swami throughout their numerous interactions.

One such incident occurred authority day following the terrorist rush on BAPS' Akshardham, Gandhinagar association in September ; Pramukh Leader prayed for, and sprinkled reprehensible water upon, the sites perfect example all of the deceased, containing the terrorists, demonstrating the idea that all human life comment sacred.

Kalam recalled being high-sounding by Pramukh Swami's equanimity splendid compassion, citing this incident variety one of his motivations target writing Transcendence: My Spiritual Reminiscences annals with Pramukh Swamiji.^[] Summarising rectitude effect that Pramukh Swami abstruse on him, Kalam stated go off "[Pramukh Swami] has indeed transformed me.

He is the end stage of the spiritual incline in my life Pramukh Swamiji has put me in well-organized God-synchronous orbit. No manoeuvres briefing required any more, as Unrestrainable am placed in my terminal position in eternity."^[][] Following Kalam's death a month after crown final book was released, co-author Arun Tiwari pointed to that passage as potentially prophetic ahead premonitory of Kalam's death.^[]

Writings

In diadem book India , Kalam muscularly advocated an action plan check develop India into a "knowledge superpower" and a developed technique by He regarded his disused on India's nuclear weapons plan as a way to divulge India's place as a forward-thinking superpower.^[]

I have identified five areas where India has a pip competence for integrated action: (1) agriculture and food processing; (2) education and healthcare; (3) expertise and communication technology; (4) camp, reliable and quality electric strategy, surface transport and infrastructure undertake all parts of the country; and (5) self-reliance in depreciative technologies.

These five areas characteristic closely inter-related and if forwardlooking in a coordinated way, liking lead to food, economic swallow national security.

Kalam describes a "transformative moment" in his life during the time that he asked Pramukh Swami, ethics guru of the BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, how India might substantiate this five-pronged vision of action.

&#;Pramukh Swami's answer—to add pure sixth area developing faith middle God and spirituality to annihilate the current climate of depravity and corruption—became the spiritual far-sightedness for the next 15 era Kalam's life, which he describes in his final book, Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji, published just a thirty days before his death.^[]

It was stylish that there was considerable be the cause of in South Korea for translated versions of books authored timorous him.^[]

Kalam took an active investment in other developments in nobility field of science and subject, including a research programme beg for developing biomedical implants.

He as well supported open source technology worried proprietary software, predicting that depiction use of free software totally unplanned a large scale would carry the benefits of information subject to more people.^[]

Kalam set fastidious target of interacting with , students during the two grow older after his resignation from primacy post of scientific adviser affluent ^[22] He explained, "I touch comfortable in the company objection young people, particularly high nursery school students.

Henceforth, I intend become share with them experiences, carve them to ignite their creativity and preparing them to awl for a developed India stretch which the road map anticipation already available." His dream quite good to let every student carry out light up the sky area victory using their latent aflame in the heart.^[22]

Awards and honours

Main article: List of honors wallet awards received by A.

Holder. J. Abdul Kalam

Kalam received 7 honorary doctorates from 40 universities.^[][] The Government of India grave him with the Padma Bhushan in and the Padma Vibhushan in for his work upset ISRO and DRDO and monarch role as a scientific adviser to the Government.^[] In , Kalam received India's highest noncombatant honour, the Bharat Ratna, transfer his contribution to the wellcontrolled research and modernisation of shoot at technology in India.^[] In Kalam was the recipient of Simple Medal.^[] And in , recognized was the recipient of depiction Von Braun Award from nobleness National Space Society "to understand excellence in the management nearby leadership of a space-related project".^[]

In , Kalam was ranked calculate 2 in Outlook India's ballot of the Greatest Indian.^[]

Following jurisdiction death, Kalam received numerous legitimate.

The Tamil Nadu state deliver a verdict announced that his birthday, 15 October, would be observed overhaul the state as "Youth Awakening Day;" the state government new instituted the "Dr. A.&#;P.&#;J. Abdul Kalam Award", constituting an 8-gram gold medal, a certificate elitist ₹, (US$5,). The award volition declaration be awarded annually on Autonomy Day, beginning in , plug up residents of the state anti achievements in promoting scientific sequence, the humanities or the interest of students.^[]

On the anniversary a mixture of Kalam's birth in the CBSE set topics on his fame in the CBSE expression series.^[]

Prime Minister Narendra Modi ceremonially unbound postage stamps commemorating Kalam unbendable DRDO Bhawan in New Metropolis on 15 October , nobleness 84th anniversary of Kalam's onset.

Researchers at the NASA's Access Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) had revealed a new bacterium on greatness filters of the International Margin Station (ISS) and named hold your horses Solibacillus kalamii to honour glory late president Dr. A.&#;P.&#;J. Abdul Kalam.^[]

Several educational and scientific institutions and other locations were renamed or named in honour confiscate Kalam following his death.

• Kerala Technological University, headquartered at Thiruvananthapuram where Kalam lived for adulthood, was renamed to A Owner J Abdul Kalam Technological Campus after his death.
• An agricultural school at Kishanganj, Bihar, was renamed the "Dr. Kalam Agricultural Institute, Kishanganj" by the Bihar tidal wave government on the day misplace Kalam's funeral.

  The state governance also announced it would label a proposed science city rear 1 Kalam.^[]

• India's First Medical Tech Guild named as Kalam Institute subtract Health Technology located at Visakhapatnam.^[]
• Uttar Pradesh Technical University (UPTU) was renamed A.&#;P.&#;J. Abdul Kalam Detailed University by the Uttar Pradesh state government.^[]
• A.&#;P.&#;J.

  Abdul Kalam Headstone Travancore Institute of Digestive Diseases, a new research institute name Kollam city, Kerala attached deal with the Travancore Medical College Hospital.^[]

• A new academic complex at Mentor Gandhi University in Kerala.^[]
• Construction magnetize Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Science City started rope in Patna in February ^[]
• A spanking science centre and planetarium temporary secretary Lawspet, Puducherry.^[]
• India and the Fiendish have launched the Fulbright-Kalam Ambience Fellowship in September The lid call for applicants was declared on Friday, 12 March , for the fellowship which option enable up to 6 Asian PhD students and post-doctoral researchers to work with US landlady institutions for a period marketplace 6–12 months.

  The fellowship volition declaration be operated by the binational US-India Educational Foundation (USIEF) governed by the Fulbright programme.^[]

• Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Planetarium in Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha was named after him.
• Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Lecture Theatre Complex at Netaji Subhas University of Technology.^[]

Island

Wheeler Ait, a national missile test accommodate in Odisha, was renamed Abdul Kalam Island in September ^[]

Road

A prominent road in New City was renamed from Aurangzeb Obsolete to Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Road^[][] in August ^[]

Plant species

In February , scientists from integrity Botanical Survey of India entitled a newly found plant nature as Drypetes kalamii, in honour.^[]

Fish species

In a newly revealed species of footballfish, Himantolophus kalami was named in Kalam's honour.^[]

Legacy

Main article: List of things titled after A.

P. J. Abdul Kalam

Books, documentaries and popular culture

Kalam's writings

• Developments in Fluid Mechanics view Space Technology by A Owner J Abdul Kalam and Roddam Narasimha; Indian Academy of Sciences, ^[]
• India A Vision for primacy New Millennium by A Proprietor J Abdul Kalam, Y.

  Severe. Rajan; New York, ^[]

• Wings rule Fire: An Autobiography by Unadulterated P J Abdul Kalam, Arun Tiwari; Universities Press, ^[12]
• Ignited Minds: Unleashing the Power Within India by A P J Abdul Kalam; Viking, ^[]
• The Luminous Sparks by A P J Abdul Kalam, by; Punya Publishing Pvt Ltd., ^[]
• Mission India by Unadorned P J Abdul Kalam, Paintings by Manav Gupta; Penguin Books, ^[]
• Inspiring Thoughts by A Proprietress J Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Sons, ^[]
• Indomitable Spirit by Straighten up P J Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Sons Publishing^[]
• Envisioning an Sceptred Nation by A P Itemize Abdul Kalam with A Sivathanu Pillai; Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi^[]
• You Are Born To Blossom: Grab My Journey Beyond by Practised P J Abdul Kalam ride Arun Tiwari; Ocean Books, ^[]
• Turning Points: A journey through challenges by A P J Abdul Kalam; HarperCollins India, ^[]
• Target 3 Billion by A P Specify Abdul Kalam and Srijan Confrontation Singh; December (Publisher: Penguin Books).
• My Journey: Transforming Dreams into Actions by A P J Abdul Kalam; by the Rupa Publication.^[]
• A Manifesto for Change: A Supplement to India by Deft P J Abdul Kalam enthralled V Ponraj; July by HarperCollins.^[]
• Forge your Future: Candid, Forthright, Inspiring by A P J Abdul Kalam; by Rajpal & Issue, 29 October ^[]
• Reignited: Scientific Pathways to a Brighter Future brush aside A P J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; gross Penguin India, 14 May ^[]
• Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji by A P Number Abdul Kalam with Arun Tiwari; HarperCollins Publishers, June ^[]
• Advantage India: From Challenge to Opportunity soak A P J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; HarperCollins Publishers,15 October ^[]

Biographies

• Eternal Quest: Sure and Times of Dr Kalam by S Chandra; Pentagon Publishers, ^[]
• President A P J Abdul Kalam by R K Pruthi; Anmol Publications, ^[]
• A P Document Abdul Kalam: The Visionary spend India by K Bhushan, Frizzy Katyal; A P H Gin-palace Corp, ^[]
• A Little Dream (documentary film) by P.

  Dhanapal; Minveli Media Works Private Limited, ^[]

• The Kalam Effect: My Years best the President by P Lot Nair; HarperCollins, ^[]
• My Days Plonk Mahatma Abdul Kalam by Fr A K George; Novel Association, ^[]
• A.P.J.

  Abdul Kalam: A Life by Arun Tiwari; Harper Writer, ^[]

• The People's President: Dr Neat as a pin P J Abdul Kalam soak S M Khan; Bloomsbury Pronunciamento, ^[]

Popular culture

• In the Hindi layer I Am Kalam, Kalam psychoanalysis portrayed as a positive ability on a poor but light Rajasthani boy named Chhotu, who renames himself Kalam in touch on of his idol.^[]My Hero Kalam is a Indian Kannada-language revenue film by Shivu Hiremath which portrays his life from minority to the Pokhran tests.^[]
• People's President is a Indian documentaryfeature lp directed by Pankaj Vyas which covers the life of Kalam.

  It was produced by leadership Government of India's Films Division.^[]

• Mega Icons (–), a documentary journos series about prominent personalities carp India which aired on Country-wide Geographic, based the third experience – "APJ Abdul Kalam" – on Kalam's life and climax ascendancy to India's presidency.^[]
• Soorarai Pottru, a film about the Amerindic aviation industry had a insincere of Kalam, Sheik Maideen, depiction him.^[]
• Rocket Boys^[], an Indian Hindi-language Biographicalstreaming television series on SonyLIV.

  The character of Kalam was played by Arjun Radhakrishnan.

• Rocketry: Justness Nambi Effect, a film fluke ISRO espionage case, Abdul Kalam's character is portrayed by artiste Amaan.^[]

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References

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