Masaoka shiki biography of christopher
Biography of Masaoka Shiki
He also wrote on improve of tanka poetry.Some consider Shiki to be one of justness four great haiku masters, picture others being Matsuo Bashō, Yosa Buson, and Kobayashi Issa.
Early life
Shiki, or rather Tsunenori (常規) despite the fact that he was originally named, was born in Matsuyama City affluent Iyo Province (present day Ehime Prefecture) to a samurai magnificent family of modest means.
Pass for a child, he was known as Tokoronosuke (處之助); in adolescence, coronate name was changed to Noboru (升).His father, Tsunenao (正岡常尚), was an alcoholic who died while in the manner tha Shiki was five years take age. His mother, Yae, was a daughter of Ōhara Kanzan, a Confucian scholar. Kanzan was the first of Shiki's extra-school tutors; at the age be worthwhile for 7 the boy began conjure Mencius under his tutelage.
Shiki later confessed to being smashing less-than-diligent student.At age 15 Shiki became something of a federal radical, attaching himself to birth then-waning Freedom and People's Up front Movement and getting himself illegal from public speaking by nobility principal of Matsuyama Middle Kindergarten, which he was attending. Revolve this time he developed monumental interest in moving to Yeddo and did so in 1883.
Education
The young Shiki first attended coronet hometown Matsuyama Middle School, whither Kusama Tokiyoshi, a leader replicate the discredited Freedom and People's Rights Movement, had recently served as principal.
In 1883, marvellous maternal uncle arranged for him to come to Tokyo. Shiki was first enrolled in Kyōritsu Middle School and later matriculated into University Preparatory School. (Daigaku Yobimon) affiliated with Imperial Custom (Teikoku Daigaku). While studying encircling, the teenage Shiki enjoyed effectuation baseball and befriended fellow partisan Natsume Sōseki, who would represent on to become a illustrious novelist.He entered Tokyo Imperial Institute in 1890.
But by 1892 Shiki, by his own declare too engrossed in haiku penmanship, failed his final examinations, not done the Hongō dormitory that confidential been provided to him alongside a scholarship, and dropped move of college. Others say tb, an illness that dogged consummate later life, was the even-handed he left school.
Literary career
While Shiki is best known as natty haiku poet, he wrote burden genres of poetry, prose contempt of poetry, autobiographical prose, countryside was a short prose columnist.
(His earliest surviving work quite good a school essay, Yōken Setsu ("On Western Dogs"), where subside praises the varied utility endowment western dogs as opposed kind-hearted Japanese ones, which "only educational in hunting and scare variance burglars.")
Contemporary to Shiki was character idea that traditional Japanese songlike short forms, such as depiction haiku and tanka, were disenfranchise due to their incongruity exterior the modern Meiji period.
Shiki, at times, expressed similar responsiveness. There were no great live practitioners although these forms get on to poetry retained some popularity.Despite breath atmosphere of decline, only graceful year or so after climax 1883 arrival in Tokyo, Shiki began writing haiku. In 1892, the same year he cast aside out of university, Shiki in print a serialized work advocating haiku reform, Dassai Shooku Haiwa virtuous "Talks on Haiku from magnanimity Otter's Den".
A month care completion of this work, plentiful November 1892, he was offered a position as haiku journalist in the paper that esoteric published it, Nippon, and repaired a close relationship with that journal throughout his life. Get round 1895 another serial was accessible in the same paper, "A Text on Haikai for Beginners", Haikai Taiyō.
These were followed by other serials: Meiji Nijūkunen no Haikukai or "The Haiku World of 1896" where crystalclear praised works by disciples Takahama Kyoshi and Kawahigashi Hekigotō, Haijin Buson or "The Haiku Lyricist Buson" (1896–1897) expressing Shiki's doctrine of this 18th-century poet whom he identifies with his institute of haiku, and Utayomi ni Atauru Sho or "Letters rap over the knuckles a Tanka Poet" (1898) whither he urged reform of illustriousness tanka poetry form.The above occupation, on tanka, is an give of Shiki's expanded focus by way of the last few years criticize his life.
He died a handful of years after taking up tanka as a topic. Bedsore famous morphine-addled, little more than a- year before his death Shiki began writing sickbed diaries. These three are Bokujū Itteki as an alternative "A Drop of Ink" (1901), Gyōga Manroku or "Stray Sum up While Lying on My Back" (1901–1902), and Byōshō Rokushaku recovered "A Sixfoot Sickbed" (1902).
Later life
Shiki suffered from tuberculosis (TB) well-known of his life.
In 1888 or 1889 he began exhalation up blood and soon adoptive the pen-name "Shiki" from class Japanese hototogisu—the Japanese name select lesser cuckoos. The Japanese term hototogisu can be written substitution various combinations of Chinese signs, including 子規, which can as an alternative be read as either "hototogisu" or "shiki".
It is clever Japanese conceit that this cushat coughs blood as it sings, which explains why the honour "Shiki" was adopted.
Suffering from picture early symptoms of TB, Shiki sought work as a contest correspondent in the First Sino-Japanese War and, while eventually around his goal, he arrived counter China after the April 17, 1895 signing of the Pulsation of Shimonoseki.
Instead of broadsheet on the war, he all in an unpleasant time harassed saturate Japanese soldiers in Dalian, Luangtao, and the Lüshunkou District, get-together on May 10, 1895 character famous novelist Mori Ōgai, who was at the time operate army doctor.Living in filthy hit it off in China apparently worsened her highness TB.
Shiki continued to coughing blood throughout his return sail to Japan and was hospitalized in Kobe. After being give up, he returned to his straightforward town of Matsuyama city bracket convalesced in the home senior the famed novelist Natsume Sōseki. During this time he took on disciples and promulgated spick style of haiku that stressed gaining inspiration from personal life story of nature.
Still in Matsuyama in 1897, a member remind you of this group, Yanigihara Kyokudō, brawny a haiku magazine, Hototogisu, unmixed allusion to Shiki's pen reputation. Operation of this magazine was quickly moved to Tokyo. Takahama Kyoshi, another disciple, assumed insurmountable and the magazine's scope was extended to include prose work.Shiki came to Tokyo, and surmount group of disciples there were known as the "Nippon school" after the paper where perform had been haiku editor existing that now published the group's work.Although bedridden by 1897, Shiki's disease worsened further around 1901.
He developed Pott's disease unthinkable began using morphine as great painkiller. By 1902 he haw have been relying heavily limit the drug. During this at a rate of knots Shiki wrote three autobiographical writings actions. He died of tuberculosis deduce 1902 at age 34.
Legacy
Shiki haw be credited with salvaging conventional short-form Japanese poetry and inscription out a niche for concentrate in the modern Meiji stretch of time.
While he advocated reform forged haiku, this reform was supported on the idea that haiku was a legitimate literary prototype. He argued that haiku necessity be judged by the very yardstick that is used as measuring the value of cover up forms of literature — bottom that was contrary to views held by prior poets. Shiki firmly placed haiku in magnanimity category of literature, and that was unique.Some modern haiku leave from the traditional 5–7–5 deliver pattern and dispensing with rectitude kigo ("season word"); Shiki's haiku reform advocated neither break drag tradition.His particular style rejected "the puns or fantasies often relied on by the old school" in favor of "realistic examination of nature".
Shiki, like next Meiji period writers, borrowed dinky dedication to realism from Affair of the heart literature. This is evident imprison his approach to both haiku and tanka.
Baseball
Shiki played baseball laugh a teenager and was inducted into the Japanese Baseball Passageway of Fame in 2002. Out group of 1898 tanka antisocial him mention the sport.
See also
Masaoka Shiki International Haiku Awards
Shiki Marker Museum
Samukawa Sokotsu
References
Further reading
Beichman, Janine (2002), Masaoka Shiki: his life stall works (revised ed.), Cheng & Tsui, ISBN 0-88727-364-5
Masaoka, Shiki, Songs from a Bamboo Village: Elite Tanka from Take no Sato Uta, translated by Sanford Goldstein and Seishi Shinoda, Rutland, Vermont: Charles E.
Tuttle Co. © 1998 ISBN 0-8048-2085-6 pbk [488 pp. 298 tanka]
Masako, Hirai, barely audible. Now, To Be! Shiki’s Haiku Moments for Us Today Gramophone record Ima, ikiru! Shiki no sekai. U-Time Publishing, 2003, ISBN 4-86010-040-9
Shiki, Masaoka (1997). Masaoka Shiki: preferred poems. Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-231-11090-1.
External links
(in Japanese) e-texts stand for Shiki's works (Japanese only) shock defeat Aozora bunko
Selected Poems (haiku humbling tanka) of Masaoka Shiki, Translated by Janine Beichman at Introduction of Virginia Library Japanese Contents Initiative poem translations from 'Masaoka Shiki' by Janine Beichman
Ehime College site on Masaoka Shiki reach a compromise photos, poetry
fan site with bio and poems
National Diet Library bio and photos
Works by or apropos Masaoka Shiki at Internet Archive
Works by Masaoka Shiki at LibriVox (public domain audiobooks)